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  2. Apartheid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 16 January 2025. South African system of racial separation This article is about apartheid in South Africa. For apartheid as defined in international law, see Crime of apartheid. For other uses, see Apartheid (disambiguation). This article may be too long to read and navigate comfortably. Consider ...

  3. Racial segregation in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_segregation_in_the...

    Jonathan Kozol expanded on this topic in his 2005 book The Shame of the Nation: The Restoration of Apartheid Schooling in America. The "New American apartheid" refers to the allegation that U.S. drug and criminal policies in practice target blacks on the basis of race.

  4. Apartheid Convention - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid_Convention

    The Apartheid Convention may not presently serve its original intended purpose in dealing with apartheid in South Africa, as the legislation supporting it was withdrawn in 1990's; however, it has influenced the way we view crimes against humanity. [10]

  5. Anti-apartheid movement in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Apartheid_movement_in...

    The American Committee on Africa (ACOA) was the first major group devoted to the anti-apartheid campaign. [8] Founded in 1953 by Paul Robeson and a group of civil rights activist, the ACOA encouraged the U.S. government and the United Nations to support African independence movements, including the National Liberation Front in Algeria and the Gold Coast drive to independence in present-day ...

  6. Social apartheid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_apartheid

    Social apartheid is de facto segregation on the basis of class or economic status, in which an underclass is forced to exist separated from the rest of the population. [1]The word "apartheid", an Afrikaans word meaning "separation", gained its current connotation during the years of South Africa's Apartheid system of government-imposed racial segregation, which took place between 1948 and ...

  7. American ghettos - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Ghettos

    Protest sign at a housing project in Detroit, 1942. Ghettos in the United States are typically urban neighborhoods perceived as being high in crime and poverty. The origins of these areas are specific to the United States and its laws, which created ghettos through both legislation and private efforts to segregate America for political, economic, social, and ideological reasons: de jure [1 ...

  8. African-American history - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American_history

    In 1619, the first captive Africans were brought via Dutch slave ship to Point Comfort (today Fort Monroe in Hampton, Virginia), thirty miles downstream from Jamestown, Virginia. [28] They had been kidnapped by Portuguese slave traders. [29] Virginia settlers treated these captives as indentured servants and released them after a number of years.

  9. Timeline of the civil rights movement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_civil...

    During the early years of the Miss America pageant, under the directorship of Lenora Slaughter, it became racially segregated via rule number seven that stated: "contestants must be of good health and of the white race.” [2] [3] Rule number seven was abolished in 1950.