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Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin made reference to R. K. Merton's Strain Theory, while taking a further step in how the Subculture was 'Parallel' in their opportunities: the Criminal subculture had the same rules and level.
The theory was first formalized by Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin in 1960. [1] It is closely related to strain theory (developed by Merton, an influential figure in functionalism and the subcultural theories surrounding it).
Lloyd Edgar Ohlin (August 27, 1918 – December 6, 2008) was an American sociologist and criminologist who taught at Harvard Law School, Columbia University, and the University of Chicago. He studied the causes and effects of crime and punishment, especially as it related to youthful offenders and delinquents.
Illegitimate opportunities is a sociological theory developed in 1960 by Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin. The theory states that crimes result from a high number of illegitimate opportunities and not from a lack of legitimate ones. The theory was created from Merton's strain theory to help address juvenile delinquency. [13]
A subculture is a group of people within a cultural society that differentiates itself ... or retreatists (Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin). ... Subcultural theory;
Richard Andrew Cloward (December 25, 1926 – August 20, 2001) was an American sociologist and activist. He influenced the Strain theory of criminal behavior and the concept of anomie , and was a primary motivator for the passage of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 , commonly known as the "Motor Voter Act".
Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin suggested that delinquency can result from a differential opportunity for lower class youth. [42] Such youths may be tempted to take up criminal activities, choosing an illegitimate path that provides them more lucrative economic benefits than conventional, over legal options such as minimum wage -paying jobs ...
This list of sociologists includes people who have made notable contributions to sociological theory or to research in one or more areas of sociology This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness.