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Jerome Ysroael Lettvin (February 23, 1920 – April 23, 2011), often known as Jerry Lettvin, was an American cognitive scientist, and Professor of Electrical and Bioengineering and Communications Physiology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
The use of the term frog in common names usually refers to species that are aquatic or semi-aquatic and have smooth, moist skins; the term toad generally refers to species that are terrestrial with dry, warty skins. [2] [3] There are numerous exceptions to this rule.
A frog's ear drum works in very much the same way as does a human eardrum. It is a membrane that is stretched across a ring of cartilage like a snare drum that vibrates. Crossing the middle ear chamber there is an ossicle called the columella that is connected to the tympanum, and another ossicle, the operculum, that connects this to the oval ...
The parietal eye (very small grey oval between the regular eyes) of a juvenile bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) Adult green anole (Anolis carolinensis) clearly showing the parietal eye (small grey/clear oval) at the top of its head Parietal eye of the Merrem's Madagascar swift (Oplurus cyclurus) is surrounded by a black-and-white spot on the skin, giving it the "three-eyed" appearance
A frog which demonstrates vocalizations in male-male competition is the Lithobates clamitans aka the Green Frog. Typically, they have four types of calls each warning a different level of urgency and each being distinct. The first two calls are types of advertisement calls to establish dominance among the challengers.
The human brain contains 86 billion neurons, with 16 billion neurons in the cerebral cortex. [ 2 ] [ 1 ] Neuron counts constitute an important source of insight on the topic of neuroscience and intelligence : the question of how the evolution of a set of components and parameters (~10 11 neurons, ~10 14 synapses) of a complex system leads to ...
The cerebral cortex is the part of the brain that most strongly distinguishes mammals. In non-mammalian vertebrates, the surface of the cerebrum is lined with a comparatively simple three-layered structure called the pallium. In mammals, the pallium evolves into a complex six-layered structure called neocortex or isocortex. [62]
Hyalinobatrachium pellucidum, also known as the Rio Azuela glass frog, is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. [3] [4] It is found in lower montane rainforests on the Amazonian Andean slopes in Ecuador and Peru. [3] The specific name pellucidum is Latin for "transparent" and refers to the transparent parietal peritoneum of this ...