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Autosomal genetic disorders can arise due to a number of causes, some of the most common being nondisjunction in parental germ cells or Mendelian inheritance of deleterious alleles from parents. Autosomal genetic disorders which exhibit Mendelian inheritance can be inherited either in an autosomal dominant or recessive fashion. [ 7 ]
A genetic disorder is a health problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome.It can be caused by a mutation in a single gene (monogenic) or multiple genes (polygenic) or by a chromosome abnormality.
The following is a list of genetic disorders and if known, type of mutation and for the chromosome involved. Although the parlance "disease-causing gene" is common, it is the occurrence of an abnormality in the parents that causes the impairment to develop within the child. There are over 6,000 known genetic disorders in humans.
Myotonic dystrophy is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is a genetic condition that is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning each child of an affected individual has a 50% chance of inheriting the disease.
Autosomal dominant Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 2 with giant axons; Autosomal dominant GTP cyclohydrolase I deficiency; Autosomal dominant intellectual disability-craniofacial anomalies-cardiac defects syndrome; Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy; Autosomal dominant partial epilepsy with auditory features
Autosomal dominant leukodystrophy with autonomic disease is a rare neurological condition of genetic origin which is characterized by gradual demyelination of the central nervous system which results in various impairments, including ataxia, mild cognitive disability and autonomic dysfunction.
Achondroplasia is a genetic disorder with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance whose primary feature is dwarfism. [3] It is the most common cause of dwarfism [4] and affects about 1 in 27,500 people. [3] In those with the condition, the arms and legs are short, while the torso is typically of normal length. [3]
Compound heterozygosity reflects the diversity of the mutation base for many autosomal recessive genetic disorders; mutations in most disease-causing genes have arisen many times. This means that many cases of disease arise in individuals who have two unrelated alleles, who technically are heterozygotes, but both the alleles are defective.