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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management options are evidence-based practices with established treatment efficacy for ADHD.Approaches that have been evaluated in the management of ADHD symptoms include FDA-approved pharmacologic treatment and other pharmaceutical agents, psychological or behavioral approaches, combined pharmacological and behavioral approaches, cognitive training ...
Intravitreal injection is the method of administration of drugs into the eye by injection with a fine needle. The medication will be directly applied into the vitreous humor . [ 1 ] It is used to treat various eye diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) , diabetic retinopathy , and infections inside the eye such as ...
Intravitreal injections are already commonly used for administering drugs like anti-VEGF agents, making the procedure familiar to clinicians and safer for patients. The eye's immune-privileged status reduces the likelihood of immune responses to the viral vector, increasing the therapy's safety profile.
"Intravitreal" literally means "inside an eye". Intravitreal injections were first introduced in 1911 when Ohm gave an injection of air into the vitreous humor to repair a detached retina. In the mid-1940s, intravitreal injections became a standard way to administer drugs to treat endophthalmitis and cytomegalovirus retinitis. [1]
An intracameral injection is usually of an antibiotic into the anterior chamber of the eyeball to prevent endophthalmitis caused by an infection of the eye that can occur after cataract surgery. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved antibiotics for this use and it is considered 'off-label'.
At a cost of $2,000.00 per injection, the cost to treat wet AMD patients in the United States is greater than $10.00 billion per year. Due to high cost, many ophthalmologists have turned to bevacizumab as the alternative intravitreal agent in the treatment of wet AMD.
Intrathecal administration is a route of administration for drugs via an injection into the spinal canal, or into the subarachnoid space so that it reaches the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is useful in several applications, such as for spinal anesthesia, chemotherapy, or pain management. This route is also used to introduce drugs that fight ...
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [1] is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity and emotional dysregulation that are excessive and pervasive, impairing in multiple contexts, and developmentally-inappropriate. [9]