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DE402 was released in 1995, and was quickly superseded by DE403. DE403 [ 21 ] was created 1993, released in 1995, expressed in the coordinates of the International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) reference frame, essentially the ICRF.
German Naval Grid Reference (German:Gradnetzmeldeverfahren), was a system for referencing a location on a map. Introduced initially by the German Luftwaffe just before World War II, it was used widely in the German armed forces until 1943. Each armed force had its own version of this reference.
UTM zones on an equirectangular world map with irregular zones in red and New York City's zone highlighted. The first part of an MGRS coordinate is the grid-zone designation. The 6° wide UTM zones, numbered 1–60, are intersected by latitude bands that are normally 8° high, lettered C–X (omitting I and O).
EPSG:3857 - Web Mercator projection of WGS 84, used for display by many web-based mapping tools, including Google Maps and OpenStreetMap. EPSG:9989 - International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2020 (ITRF2020) for 3D coordinates (latitude, longitude, ellipsoidal height) with subcentimeter accuracy, used for monitoring continental drift among ...
It uses the WGS 1984 Datum and is based on lines of longitude (LONG) and latitude (LAT). It is intended to provide an integrated common frame of reference for joint force situational awareness to facilitate air-to-ground coordination, deconfliction, integration, and synchronization.
The U.S. National Geodetic Survey's "State Plane Coordinate System of 1983" uses the Lambert conformal conic projection to define the grid-coordinate systems used in several states, primarily those that are elongated west to east such as Tennessee.
Geodetic latitude and geocentric latitude have different definitions. Geodetic latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and the surface normal at a point on the ellipsoid, whereas geocentric latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and a radial line connecting the centre of the ellipsoid to a point on the surface (see figure).
The coordinates and maps in Europe based on ETRS89 are not subject to change due to the continental drift. The development of ETRS89 is related to the global ITRS geodetic datum, in which the representation of the continental drift is balanced in such a way that the total apparent angular momentum of continental plates is about 0.