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The lesser trochanter is a conical posteromedial projection of the shaft of the femur, projecting from the posteroinferior aspect of its junction with the femoral neck. [1] The summit and anterior surface of the lesser trochanter are rough, whereas its posterior surface is smooth. [1] From its apex three well-marked borders extend: [2]
The neck is flattened from before backward, contracted in the middle, and broader laterally than medially. The vertical diameter of the lateral half is increased by the obliquity of the lower edge, which slopes downward to join the body at the level of the lesser trochanter, so that it measures one-third more than the antero-posterior diameter.
Trochanteric fractures are subdivided into either intertrochanteric (between the greater and lesser trochanter [18]) or pertrochanteric (through the trochanters [18] [19]) by the Müller AO Classification of fractures. [20] Practically, the difference between these types is minor. The terms are often used synonymously.
The Evans–Jensen classification is a system of categorizing intertrochanteric hip fractures based on the fracture pattern of the proximal femur. Classification [ edit ]
A later study of 50 subtrochanteric fractures, which were assessed using the Seinsheimer classification, criticized the classification system for having poor inter-rater reliability. They noted that "Earlier studies of pertrochanteric [sic] and femoral neck fractures show that the use of classification systems is often difficult, with low ...
A femoral fracture that involves the femoral head, femoral neck or the shaft of the femur immediately below the lesser trochanter may be classified as a hip fracture, especially when associated with osteoporosis. Femur fractures can be managed in a pre-hospital setting with the use of a traction splint.
The intertrochanteric line is a line upon the anterior aspect of the proximal end of the femur, [1] extending between the lesser trochanter and the greater trochanter. It is a rough, variable ridge. [citation needed]
The other two borders of the femur are only slightly marked: the lateral border extends from the antero-inferior angle of the greater trochanter to the anterior extremity of the lateral condyle; the medial border from the intertrochanteric line, at a point opposite the lesser trochanter, to the anterior extremity of the medial condyle.