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Alcohol consumption disrupts circadian rhythms, with acute intake causing dose-dependent alterations in melatonin and cortisol levels, as well as core body temperature, which normalize the following morning, while chronic alcohol use leads to more severe and persistent disruptions that are associated with alcohol use disorders (AUD) and ...
Alcohol (from the Arabic word al-kuḥl, الكحل), sometimes referred to by the chemical name ethanol, is one of the most widely used and abused psychoactive drugs in the world. It is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant, decreasing electrical activity of neurons in the brain.
Alcohol has been used as an antiseptic as early as 1363, with evidence to support its use becoming available in the late 1800s. [ 32 ] At times and places of poor public sanitation (such as medieval Europe ), the consumption of alcoholic drinks was a way of avoiding water-borne diseases such as cholera .
The drug or other substance has a high potential for abuse. The drug or other substance has no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. There is a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug or other substance under medical supervision. The complete list of Schedule I substances is as follows. [1]
The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States or a currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions. Abuse of the drug or other substances may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence. The complete list of Schedule II substances is as follows.
Alcohol education is the planned provision of information and skills relevant to living in a world where alcohol is commonly misused. [3] WHO Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health, highlights the fact that alcohol will be a larger problem in later years, with estimates suggesting it will be the leading cause of disability and death.
Many drugs have more than one name and, therefore, the same drug may be listed more than once. Brand names and generic names are differentiated by capitalizing brand names. See also the list of the top 100 bestselling branded drugs , ranked by sales.
In 1987, the DSM-IIIR category "psychoactive substance abuse", which includes former concepts of drug abuse is defined as "a maladaptive pattern of use indicated by...continued use despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent social, occupational, psychological or physical problem that is caused or exacerbated by the use (or by ...