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One study found that men with moderate-to-high levels of exhaustion had a 2.7-fold increased risk of heart attack within five years and a 2.25 higher risk within ten years. The study also found a ...
Still, at the time of long term follow-up 7–10 years later, almost half of the participants experienced fatigue and a majority reported a lasting reduction in stress tolerance. [13] The duration of symptoms before the first contact with healthcare is the most significant predictor of the length of recovery.
Symptoms typically begin 12–48 hours after the triggering activity, [5] but may be immediate, or delayed up to 7 days. [6] PEM lasts "usually a day or longer", [12] but can span hours, days, weeks, or months. [6] The level of activity that triggers PEM, as well as the symptoms, vary from person to person, and within individuals over time. [6]
The impact manifested itself in symptoms such as fatigue, quickness to anger, and cynical attitudes toward the people the service workers were supposed to help. Also in 1976, Israeli-American psychologist Ayala Pines [39] and American psychologist Elliot Aronson, using group workshops, began to treat people having symptoms of burnout. [40]
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However, the problem arises when there is a persistent threat. First-time exposure to a stressor will trigger an acute stress response in the body; however, repeated and continuous exposure causes the stressor to become chronic. [4] McEwen and Stellar (1993) argued there is a "hidden cost of chronic stress to the body over long time periods". [8]
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The stress levels of the participants were measured through self-assessments of stress and anxiety symptoms after each condition. The results demonstrated that the "exercise" condition had the most significant reduction in stress and anxiety symptoms. [89] These results demonstrate the validity of the time-out hypothesis. [89]