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The Model 1873 was the fifth variation of the Allin trapdoor design, and was named for its hinged breechblock, which opened like a trapdoor. The infantry rifle model featured a 32 5 ⁄ 8 -inch (829 mm) barrel, while the cavalry carbine used a 22-inch (560 mm) barrel.
The rear barrel band was therefore modified in 1890 to include a rear sight protector. A round-rod bayonet model was also produced, designated the Model 1888. This, like the Springfield model 1880, was an attempt to combine the cleaning rod and bayonet into a single unit. The Model 1888 included an improved retaining mechanism, as the Model ...
Like many other armed forces, the U.S. Army searched for a new rifle in the early 1890s to replace their old Springfield Model 1873 "trapdoor" single-shot rifles. A competition was held in 1892, comparing rifle designs from Lee , Krag–Jørgensen , Mannlicher , Mauser , Schmidt–Rubin , and about 40 other military and civilian designs.
Springfield Model 1866, trapdoor breech closed. In 1872–1873 a military board, headed by Brigadier-General Alfred H. Terry, conducted an examination and trial of 99 rifles from several domestic and foreign manufacturers, including those from Springfield, Sharps, Peabody, Whitney, Spencer, Remington, and Winchester pursuant to the selection of a breech-loading system for rifles and carbines ...
There were two versions of the Model 1870, which differed slightly from each other. The first version was produced in 1870 and 1871. The rear sight was improved, and the receiver was shortened to create the Model 1870 receiver. The rear sight on the first Model 1870 was almost against the receiver. 1,000 of these rifles were manufactured. [2]
Rather than re-tool their production equipment to make an item that was now considered obsolete, Springfield Armory chose instead to modify the Model 1873 to use a new bayonet system. [ 1 ] In the days of smooth bore muskets , bayonets had played a considerable role on the battlefield, often accounting for many of battlefield casualties.
In 1877, many changes were made to both the Model 1873 rifle and the Model 1873 carbine (the carbine was just a shorter version of the rifle). Historically, the Model 1877 rifle has just been considered to be a variant of the Model 1873, while the Model 1877 carbine has been considered to be a separate model.
The Model 1875 officer's rifle was checkered fore and aft of the trapdoor breech and tipped with white metal. It was fitted with a "globe and pinhead" foresight and a "buckhorn" backsight on the barrel. [1] It also featured a well-made peep sight fitted on the small of the stock, which was graduated for ranges from 50 to 1,100 yards (46–1,006 m).