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In physics, there are equations in every field to relate physical quantities to each other and perform calculations. Entire handbooks of equations can only summarize most of the full subject, else are highly specialized within a certain field. Physics is derived of formulae only.
This article describes the mathematics of the Standard Model of particle physics, a gauge quantum field theory containing the internal symmetries of the unitary product group SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1). The theory is commonly viewed as describing the fundamental set of particles – the leptons , quarks , gauge bosons and the Higgs boson .
There are two main descriptions of motion: dynamics and kinematics.Dynamics is general, since the momenta, forces and energy of the particles are taken into account. In this instance, sometimes the term dynamics refers to the differential equations that the system satisfies (e.g., Newton's second law or Euler–Lagrange equations), and sometimes to the solutions to those equations.
In the differential form formulation on arbitrary space times, F = 1 / 2 F αβ dx α ∧ dx β is the electromagnetic tensor considered as a 2-form, A = A α dx α is the potential 1-form, = is the current 3-form, d is the exterior derivative, and is the Hodge star on forms defined (up to its orientation, i.e. its sign) by the ...
Mathematics is a field of study that discovers and organizes methods, theories and theorems that are developed and proved for the needs of empirical sciences and mathematics itself.
In 2021, due to the COVID-19 crisis, the secondary school exams for class X and XII had been cancelled. [ 9 ] In Academic Year (2021-2022) Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) Announced That Board Examinations of Class 10th and 12th will be Will be conducted in two-terms, first term in November-December 2021 and second term in April ...
The unemployment rate edged up moderately to 4.2% from October's 4.1%. A new labor reading for December is due on January 10, 2025 — the first major economic report in the new year.
Theoretical physics is a branch of physics that employs mathematical models and abstractions of physical objects and systems to rationalize, explain, and predict natural phenomena. This is in contrast to experimental physics , which uses experimental tools to probe these phenomena.