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Rabies is caused by lyssaviruses, including the rabies virus and Australian bat lyssavirus. [4] It is spread when an infected animal bites or scratches a human or other animals. [1] Saliva from an infected animal can also transmit rabies if the saliva comes into contact with the eyes, mouth, or nose. [1]
3D still showing rabies virus structure. Rhabdoviruses have helical symmetry, so their infectious particles are approximately cylindrical in shape. They are characterized by an extremely broad host spectrum ranging from plants [citation needed] to insects [citation needed] and mammals; human-infecting viruses more commonly have icosahedral symmetry and take shapes approximating regular polyhedra.
On a global scale, however, the World Health Organization reports that dogs are the main source of human rabies deaths, contributing up to 99% of all rabies transmissions to humans.
After exposure to rabies, there is no contraindication to its use, because the untreated virus is virtually 100% fatal. [11] [13] The first rabies vaccine was introduced in 1885 and was followed by an improved version in 1908. [14] Over 29 million people worldwide receive human rabies vaccine annually. [15]
Human infectious diseases may be characterized by their case fatality rate (CFR), the proportion of people diagnosed with a disease who die from it (cf. mortality rate).It should not be confused with the infection fatality rate (IFR), the estimated proportion of people infected by a disease-causing agent, including asymptomatic and undiagnosed infections, who die from the disease.
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An image from 1566 depicting a group of men using an assortment of weapons to try and kill a rabid dog who is biting one of the men on the leg. Rabies has a long history of association with dogs . The first written record of rabies is in the Codex of Eshnunna ( c. 1930 BC ), which dictates that the owner of a dog showing symptoms of rabies ...
The human head consists of a fleshy outer portion, which surrounds the bony skull. The brain is enclosed within the skull. There are 22 bones in the human head. The head rests on the neck, and the seven cervical vertebrae support it. The human head typically weighs between 2.3 and 5 kilograms (5.1 and 11.0 lb) Over 98% of humans fit into this ...