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Thoracentesis / ˌ θ ɔː r ə s ɪ n ˈ t iː s ɪ s /, also known as thoracocentesis (from Greek θώραξ (thōrax, GEN thōrakos) 'chest, thorax' and κέντησις (kentēsis) 'pricking, puncture'), pleural tap, needle thoracostomy, or needle decompression (often used term), is an invasive medical procedure to remove fluid or air from the pleural space for diagnostic or therapeutic ...
A pleural effusion is accumulation of excessive fluid in the pleural space, the potential space that surrounds each lung.Under normal conditions, pleural fluid is secreted by the parietal pleural capillaries at a rate of 0.6 millilitre per kilogram weight per hour, and is cleared by lymphatic absorption leaving behind only 5–15 millilitres of fluid, which helps to maintain a functional ...
In such cases, thoracentesis is performed to eliminate the possibility of an infection being present. [9] Other potential complications include atelectasis , lung infection , pneumothorax, sepsis , respiratory distress , hypotension , tachycardia , pneumonia , adhesions, and impaired lung function.
Pleural effusions collect in the costodiaphragmatic recess when in standing position, [2] and present on plain X-rays as "blunting" of the costophrenic angle.. A thoracocentesis (pleural tap) is often performed here while a patient is in full expiration because of less risk of puncturing the lungs and thereby causing pneumothorax.
Manual manipulation, often called milking, stripping, fan folding, or tapping, of chest tubes is commonly performed to clear chest tube obstructions. However these approaches are controversial. No conclusive evidence has demonstrated that any of these techniques are more effective than the others, and no method has shown to improve chest tube ...
Using ultrasound to guide needles during procedures may improve success and decrease complications in procedures performed by multiple specialties, including central [21] and venous access, [22] [23] arterial cannulation, [24] thoracentesis, [25] paracentesis, pericardiocentesis, [26] arthrocentesis, regional anesthesia, incision and drainage ...
Pericardiocentesis should be performed with ultrasound guidance whenever possible to prevent complications. [2] [6] This allows practitioners to assess the location of the pericardial effusion and identify adjacent structures. [6] With ultrasound guidance, an apical approach is most often used, but parasternal and subxiphoid approaches can also ...
Thoracentesis usually does not cause serious complications. Generally, a chest x-ray is done after the procedure to evaluate the lungs. Possible complications of thoracentesis include the following: Bleeding and bruising where the needle went in. In rare cases, bleeding may occur in or around the lung. The doctor can use a chest tube to drain ...