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Mars 3 was a robotic space probe of the Soviet Mars program, launched May 28, 1971, nine days after its twin spacecraft Mars 2. The probes were identical robotic spacecraft launched by Proton-K rockets with a Blok D upper stage, each consisting of an orbiter and an attached lander .
Lost when the Mars 2 lander crashed into the surface of Mars. 16 Mars 3: Mars 3 (4M No.172) 28 May 1971 Soviet Union: Orbiter Successful On December 2 it became in short sequence the third spacecraft to orbit another planet. [5] Operated for 20 orbits [8] [9] Proton-K/D: Mars 3 lander (SA 4M No.172) Lander Partial success [10] [11]
China's Tianwen-1 spacecraft is the most recent artificial object to land safely on Mars. The table does not include smaller objects, such as springs, fragments, parachutes and heat shields. As of February 2021, there are 14 missions with objects on the surface of Mars. Some of these missions contain multiple spacecraft.
On 2 December 1971, the Mars 3 lander became the first spacecraft to achieve a soft landing, but its transmission was interrupted after 14.5 seconds. [47] The Mars 2 and 3 orbiters sent back a relatively large volume of data covering the period from December 1971 to March 1972, although transmissions continued through to August.
Mars 2, Mars 3 and Mariner 9 were all launched into space in May 1971, and all entered Mars’ orbit that same year. NASA's Mariner 9 reached the planet's orbit first on November 14, narrowly beating the Soviet's spacecraft amid the space race, and subsequently became the first spacecraft to orbit another planet. [1]
List of sub-landers onboard Mars landers S.No Sub-Landers Type Lander Slot Launch Date Mass (kg) Status References 1. PrOP-M: Rover Mars 2 19 May 1971 4.5 Failure [3] [4] 2. PrOP-M: Rover Mars 3 28 May 1971 4.5 Not deployed [4] [5] 3. Mars 96: Penetrator Mars 96 16 Nov 1996 88 Failure [11] 4. Deep Space 2: Penetrator Mars Polar Lander 03 Jan ...
Mission Country/Agency Date of landing/impact Coordinates Notes Mars 2 lander: USSR: 27 November 1971: First man-made object on Mars. No contact after crash landing. Mars 3 lander: USSR: 2 December 1971: First soft landing on Mars. Transmission began about 90 seconds after landing. [4]
[3] [4] [5] Sky crane is "an eight-rocket jetpack attached to the rover". [6] This system is also much more precise: while the Mars Exploration Rovers could have landed anywhere within their respective 93-mile by 12-mile (150 by 20 kilometer) landing ellipses, Mars Science Laboratory landed within a 12-mile (20-kilometer) ellipse. [ 7 ]