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The rotation rate of the Earth (Ω = 7.2921 × 10 −5 rad/s) can be calculated as 2π / T radians per second, where T is the rotation period of the Earth which is one sidereal day (23 h 56 min 4.1 s). [2] In the midlatitudes, the typical value for is about 10 −4 rad/s.
The standard translational model of Brownian motion. Much like translational diffusion in which particles in one area of high concentration slowly spread position through random walks until they are near-equally distributed over the entire space, in rotational diffusion, over long periods of time the directions which these particles face will spread until they follow a completely random ...
It can also be formulated as the instantaneous rate of change of the number of rotations, N, with respect to time, t: n=dN/dt (as per International System of Quantities). [4] Similar to ordinary period, the reciprocal of rotational frequency is the rotation period or period of rotation, T=ν −1 =n −1, with dimension of time (SI unit seconds).
[27] [50] [51] [52] Forces determined by the initial conditions of the water (e.g. the geometry of the drain, the geometry of the receptacle, preexisting momentum of the water, etc.) are likely to be orders of magnitude greater than the Coriolis force and hence will determine the direction of water rotation, if any. For example, identical ...
It describes the rate of change of vorticity of the moving fluid particle. This change can be attributed to unsteadiness in the flow ( ∂ω / ∂t , the unsteady term) or due to the motion of the fluid particle as it moves from one point to another ((u ∙ ∇)ω, the convection term).
The rotation rates of bacterial flagella have been measured to be 10 200 rpm (170 Hz) for Salmonella typhimurium, 16 200 rpm (270 Hz) for Escherichia coli, and up to 500 000 rpm (1700 Hz) for polar flagellum of Vibrio alginolyticus, allowing the latter organism to move in simulated natural conditions at a maximum speed of 540 mm/h. [9]
Waves traveling parallel to the axis have maximum frequency (twice the rotation rate), and waves at intermediate angles have intermediate frequencies. In free space, an inertial wave can exist at any frequency between 0 and twice the rotation rate. A closed container, however, can impose restrictions on the possible frequencies of inertial ...
Oceanic eddies are also usually made of water masses that are different from those outside the eddy. That is, the water within an eddy usually has different temperature and salinity characteristics to the water outside the eddy. There is a direct link between the water mass properties of an eddy and its rotation.