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Biblical languages are any of the languages employed in the original writings of the Bible.Some debate exists as to which language is the original language of a particular passage, and about whether a term has been properly translated from an ancient language into modern editions of the Bible.
The language is often called Romanes. The first Gospel to be translated into a Romani language was the Gospel of Luke [1] into the Caló language, spoken in Spain and Portugal. It was translated by George Borrow. This was printed by the British and Foreign Bible Society in 1837 and a revision was printed in 1872.
The languages spoken in Galilee and Judea during the first century include the Semitic Aramaic and Hebrew languages as well as Greek, with Aramaic being the predominant language. [12] [13] Most scholars agree that during the early part of the first century Aramaic was the mother tongue of virtually all natives of Galilee and Judea. [14]
Lampridius says that a druidess made a prophecy in Gaulish to Alexander Severus (208–235). [91] Jerome (331–420), who had first-hand knowledge, observes that the Gallic Treveri speak a language "more or less the same" as that of the Galatians. [92]
The Western Church originally used Greek, so the need to translate the Bible into Latin did not immediately arise. The first Latin translations appeared first in North Africa (around 170) and then in Rome [a] and Gaul. Their number steadily increased and by the middle of the fourth century had reached forty.
Little is known of the substratum language but it is generally assumed to be an Indo-European language related to Albanian. [13] Some linguists like Kim Schulte and Grigore Brâncuș use the phrase "Thraco-Dacian" for the substratum of Romanian, [13] while others like Herbert J. Izzo and Vékony argue that the Eastern Romance languages developed on an Illyrian substrate. [14]
The first complete Bible translation to Romanian was made in 1688, and called Biblia de la București (The Bible from Bucharest). The Old Testament was translated by Moldavian-born Nicolae Milescu in Constantinople. The translator used as his source a Septuagint published in Frankfurt in 1597.
Since Peter Waldo's Franco-Provençal translation of the New Testament in the late 1170s, and Guyart des Moulins' Bible Historiale manuscripts of the Late Middle Ages, there have been innumerable vernacular translations of the scriptures on the European continent, greatly aided and catalysed by the development of the printing press, first invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the late 1430s.