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The year 1917 was a major turning point in Russian history, and also the Russian Orthodox Church. [64] In early March 1917 (O.S.), the Tsar was forced to abdicate, the Russian empire began to implode, and the government's direct control of the Church was all but over by August 1917.
The history of the Russian Orthodox Church begins with the Christianization of Kievan Rus' in 988 during the reign of Vladimir the Great. [1] [2] In the following centuries, Kiev and later other cities, including Novgorod, Pskov, Rostov, Suzdal and Vladimir, became important regional centers of Christian spirituality and culture. [1]
During the purges of 1937 and 1938, church documents record that 168,300 Russian Orthodox clergy were arrested. Of these, over 100,000 were shot. [ 59 ] Lower estimates claim that at least 25,000–30,000 clergy were killed in the 1930s and 1940s. [ 60 ]
During the purges of 1937 and 1938, church documents record that 168,300 Russian Orthodox clergy were arrested. Of these, 106,300 were shot. [ 77 ] Many thousands of victims of persecution became recognized in a special canon of saints known as the "new martyrs and confessors of Russia".
In 1905, Hermogenes, probably the most widely respected figure in the Russian Orthodox Church, [6] became a friend of Grigori Rasputin from the time he arrived in the capital. [7] Rasputin stayed at Alexander Nevsky Lavra; there he met with Hermogenes and Theophanes of Poltava, who were amazed with his psychological perspicacity.
Standing in an old Orthodox church in Antalya with a Bible in one hand and a candle in the other, the Rev. Ioann Koval led one of his first services in Turkey after Russian Orthodox Church ...
He edited the journal of Orthodox activity, the American Orthodox Messenger. He actively participated in establishing an Orthodox mutual aid society (ROCMAS), including serving in various management positions. Through his initiative and active participation, a new St. Nicholas Cathedral was built to replace the small parish church in New York City.
Likewise, of the 50,000 Russian Orthodox priests in 1918, only 500 remained by 1935. [6] Patriarchal locum tenens Peter of Krutitsy died in 1937. Only after the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941 did Joseph Stalin finally start to scale back the anti-religious campaign, needing the moral support of the Church during