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The First Bulgarian Empire was founded in 681. After the adoption of Orthodox Christianity in 864 it became one of the cultural centres of Slavic Europe. Its leading cultural position was consolidated with the invention of the Cyrillic script in its capital Preslav at the eve of the 10th century. [126]
The history of Bulgaria can be traced from the first settlements on the lands of modern Bulgaria to its formation as a nation-state, and includes the history of the Bulgarian people and their origin. The earliest evidence of hominid occupation discovered in what is today Bulgaria date from at least 1.4 million years ago. [ 1 ]
Spiridon tried to legitimize the Bulgarians ("Illyrians") through Alexander the Great, presented entirely in a positive light. [3] Georgi Rakovski, one of the first Bulgarian national activists, coined in the 1860s the theory, to that the Bulgarians were an autochthonous population on the Balkans, known to the ancient writers as Thracians. [4]
Some 100,000 Bulgarian troops are killed, one of the most severe per capita losses of any country involved in the war. 1939-45 World War Two: Soviet army invades German-occupied Bulgaria in 1944 ...
It was subsequently joined to Yugoslavia. After the Bosnian War, the state received international independence for the first time. Bulgaria: The Bulgars settled the Balkans permanently after 680. They invaded from northeast from the territories of Old Great Bulgaria and created the First Bulgarian Empire uniting with the numerous local Slavs.
According to linguist and academician Albina G. Khayrullina-Valieva Bulgar language was the first fully proved Turkic language that came into direct contact with South Slavs. [197] The Danubian Bulgars were unable to alter the predominantly Slavic character of Bulgaria, [ 198 ] seen in the toponymy and names of the capitals Pliska and Preslav ...
Old Great Bulgaria (Medieval Greek: Παλαιά Μεγάλη Βουλγαρία, Palaiá Megálē Voulgaría), also often known by the Latin names Magna Bulgaria [5] and Patria Onoguria ("Onogur land"), [6] was a 7th-century Turkic nomadic empire formed by the Onogur-Bulgars on the western Pontic–Caspian steppe (modern southern Ukraine and southwest Russia). [7]
Bulgaria was the first country to grow wheat in space with its Svet greenhouses on the Mir space station. [281] [282] It was involved in the development of the Granat gamma-ray observatory [283] and the Vega programme, particularly in modelling trajectories and guidance algorithms for both Vega probes.