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An Einstein Ring is a special case of gravitational lensing, caused by the exact alignment of the source, lens, and observer. This results in symmetry around the lens, causing a ring-like structure. [2] The geometry of a complete Einstein ring, as caused by a gravitational lens. The size of an Einstein ring is given by the Einstein radius.
For a dense cluster with mass M c ≈ 10 × 10 15 M ☉ at a distance of 1 Gigaparsec (1 Gpc) this radius could be as large as 100 arcsec (called macrolensing). For a Gravitational microlensing event (with masses of order 1 M ☉) search for at galactic distances (say D ~ 3 kpc), the typical Einstein radius would be of order milli-arcseconds ...
Strong gravitational lensing is a gravitational lensing effect that is strong enough to produce multiple images, arcs, or Einstein rings. Generally, for strong lensing to occur, the projected lens mass density must be greater than the critical density , that is Σ c r {\displaystyle \Sigma _{cr}} .
A new photograph from the Hubble Space Telescope shows a stunning “Einstein Ring” billions of light-years from Earth — a phenomenon named after Albert Einstein.
The aqua circle is the light source as it would be seen if there were no lens, while white spots are the multiple images of the source (see Einstein ring). A gravitational lens is matter, such as a cluster of galaxies or a point particle , that bends light from a distant source as it travels toward an observer.
The rotating disc and its connection with rigidity was also an important thought experiment for Albert Einstein in developing general relativity. [4] He referred to it in several publications in 1912, 1916, 1917, 1922 and drew the insight from it, that the geometry of the disc becomes non-Euclidean for a co-rotating observer. Einstein wrote ...
Hermann Nicolai, Kasper Peeters, Marija Zamaklar, "Loop Quantum Gravity: An Outside View," e-print available as hep-th/0501114. "Loop and Spin Foam Quantum Gravity: A Brief Guide for beginners" arXiv:hep-th/0601129 H. Nicolai and K. Peeters. Edward Witten, "Quantum Background Independence In String Theory," e-print available as hep-th/9306122.
The main lens lies at redshift z = 0.222, with the inner ring at z = 0.609 with an Einstein radius R E = 1.43 ± 0.01" and magnitude m = 19.784 ± 0.006, the outer ring is at z ≲ 6.9 with R E = 2.07 ± 0.02" and magnitude m = 23.68 ± 0.09 [1] The lensing galaxy is also known as SDSSJ0946+1006 L1, with the nearer lensed galaxy as SDSSJ0946 ...