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In mathematics, some functions or groups of functions are important enough to deserve their own names. This is a listing of articles which explain some of these functions in more detail. There is a large theory of special functions which developed out of statistics and mathematical physics.
One application is the definition of inverse trigonometric functions. For example, the cosine function is injective when restricted to the interval [0, π]. The image of this restriction is the interval [−1, 1], and thus the restriction has an inverse function from [−1, 1] to [0, π], which is called arccosine and is denoted arccos.
The Dirac comb of period 2 π, although not strictly a function, is a limiting form of many directional distributions. It is essentially a wrapped Dirac delta function. It represents a discrete probability distribution concentrated at 2 π n — a degenerate distribution — but the notation treats it as if it were a continuous distribution.
Nowhere continuous function: is not continuous at any point of its domain; for example, the Dirichlet function. Homeomorphism: is a bijective function that is also continuous, and whose inverse is continuous. Open function: maps open sets to open sets. Closed function: maps closed sets to closed sets.
Elementary functions were introduced by Joseph Liouville in a series of papers from 1833 to 1841. [2] [3] [4] An algebraic treatment of elementary functions was started by Joseph Fels Ritt in the 1930s. [5] Many textbooks and dictionaries do not give a precise definition of the elementary functions, and mathematicians differ on it. [6]
In mathematics, the floor function is the function that takes as input a real number x, and gives as output the greatest integer less than or equal to x, denoted ⌊x⌋ or floor(x). Similarly, the ceiling function maps x to the least integer greater than or equal to x , denoted ⌈ x ⌉ or ceil( x ) .
Even functions are those real functions whose graph is self-symmetric with respect to the y-axis, and odd functions are those whose graph is self-symmetric with respect to the origin. If the domain of a real function is self-symmetric with respect to the origin, then the function can be uniquely decomposed as the sum of an even function and an ...
Elliptic functions (5 C, 31 P) F. Functions of space and time (14 P) G. Gaussian function (1 C, 12 P) Generalized functions (1 C, 39 P) H. Hypergeometric functions (1 ...