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In enzymology, a carboxylate reductase (EC 1.2.99.6) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. an aldehyde + acceptor + H 2 O a carboxylate + reduced acceptor. The 3 substrates of this enzyme are aldehyde, acceptor, and H 2 O, whereas its two products are carboxylate and reduced acceptor.
The enzyme aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACC synthase, ACS) (EC 4.4.1.14) catalyzes the synthesis of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), a precursor for ethylene, from S-Adenosyl methionine (AdoMet, SAM), an intermediate in the Yang cycle and activated methyl cycle and a useful molecule for methyl transfer:
The polyol metabolic pathway. [6]Cells use glucose for energy.This normally occurs by phosphorylation from the enzyme hexokinase. However, if large amounts of glucose are present (as in diabetes mellitus), hexokinase becomes saturated and the excess glucose enters the polyol pathway when aldose reductase reduces it to sorbitol.
The Dakin oxidation (or Dakin reaction) is an organic redox reaction in which an ortho- or para-hydroxylated phenyl aldehyde (2-hydroxybenzaldehyde or 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) or ketone reacts with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) in base to form a benzenediol and a carboxylate. Overall, the carbonyl group is oxidised, whereas the H 2 O 2 is reduced.
Carboxylate ion Acrylate ion. In organic chemistry, a carboxylate is the conjugate base of a carboxylic acid, RCOO − (or RCO − 2). It is an anion, an ion with negative charge. Carboxylate salts are salts that have the general formula M(RCOO) n, where M is a metal and n is 1, 2,....
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The 3 substrates of this enzyme are L-proline, NAD +, and NADP +, whereas its 4 products are 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate, NADH, NADPH, and H +. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases , specifically those acting on the CH-NH group of donors with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor.
The Kolbe reaction is formally a decarboxylative dimerisation of two carboxylic acids (or carboxylate ions). The overall reaction is: If a mixture of two different carboxylates are used, all combinations of them are generally seen as the organic product structures: 3 R 1 COO − + 3 R 2 COO − → R 1 −R 1 + R 1 −R 2 + R 2 −R 2 + 6 CO 2 ...