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The hydraulic calculation procedure is defined in the applicable reference model codes such as that published by the US-based National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), [2] or the EN 12845 standard, Fixed firefighting system – Automatic sprinkler systems – Design, installation and maintenance.
Using metric units, the volumetric flow rate of a nozzle is given by =, [1] [2] where q is the flow rate in litres per minute ( l/min ), p is the pressure at the nozzle in bar and K is the K-factor is given in units of (/) /.
External access point for fire sprinkler and dry standpipe at a building in San Francisco, US Antique wet standpipe preserved at Edison and Ford Winter Estates. A standpipe or riser is a type of rigid water piping which is built into multi-story buildings in a vertical position, or into bridges in a horizontal position, to which fire hoses can be connected, allowing manual application of water ...
For example, in an office building classified as light hazard, a typical design area would be 1,500 square feet (140 m 2) and the design density would be 0.1 US gallons per minute (0.38 L/min) per 1 square foot (0.093 m 2) or a minimum of 150 US gallons per minute (570 L/min) applied over the 1,500-square-foot (140 m 2) design area.
5-inch (13 cm) flex suction hose with Storz fittings, mounted on an engine. Flexible suction hose (Flex suction or suction hose), not to be confused with hard suction hose in U.S., is a specific type of fire hose used in drafting operations, when a fire engine uses a vacuum to draw water from a portable water tank, pool, or other static water source.
Indoor fire hose with a fire extinguisher. A fire hose (or firehose) is a high-pressure hose that carries water or other fire retardant (such as foam) to a fire to extinguish it. Outdoors, it attaches either to a fire engine, fire hydrant, or a portable fire pump. [1] Indoors, it can permanently attach to a building's standpipe or plumbing system.
The Hazen–Williams equation is an empirical relationship that relates the flow of water in a pipe with the physical properties of the pipe and the pressure drop caused by friction. It is used in the design of water pipe systems [ 1 ] such as fire sprinkler systems , [ 2 ] water supply networks , and irrigation systems.
1 + 1 ⁄ 2-inch hose with 1 + 1 ⁄ 2-11.5NPSH ASME threads instead of NFPA threads in the U.S. and Canada, without any regulation specifying its use, and contrary to NFPA 1963. [9] This is perhaps a direct result of the 1918 War Industries Board recommendation noted above, combined with 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 -inch 1.5-9 NH NFPA couplings not being ...