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argon-ion lasers at 458 and 488 nm [5] Lasers emitting wavelengths below 445 nm appear violet, but are nonetheless also called blue lasers. Violet light's 405 nm short wavelength, on the visible spectrum, causes fluorescence in some chemicals, like radiation in the ultraviolet ("black light") spectrum (wavelengths less than 400 nm).
Thickness of the Ge 40 Se 60 /Si film on the silicon substrate as 34.5 nm, Thickness of the Ge 40 Se 60 /Si film on the oxidized silicon substrate as 33.6 nm, Thickness of SiO 2 (with n and k spectra of SiO 2 held fixed), and; n and k spectra, in 190–1000 nm range, of Ge 40 Se 60 /Si.
416 nm, 530.9 nm, 568.2 nm, 647.1 nm, 676.4 nm, 752.5 nm, 799.3 nm Electrical discharge Scientific research, mixed with argon to create "white-light" lasers, light shows. Xenon ion laser: Many lines throughout visible spectrum extending into the UV and IR: Electrical discharge Scientific research. Nitrogen laser: 337.1 nm Electrical discharge
Ultraviolet light with wavelengths shorter than 400 nm tends to be absorbed by lens and 300 nm in the cornea, where it can produce injuries at relatively low powers due to photochemical damage. Infrared light mainly causes thermal damage to the retina at near-infrared wavelengths and to more frontal parts of the eye at longer wavelengths.
Red (635 nm), blueish violet (445 nm), and green (520 nm) laser pointers. A laser pointer or laser pen is a (typically battery-powered) handheld device that uses a laser diode to emit a narrow low-power visible laser beam (i.e. coherent light) to highlight something of interest with a small bright colored spot.
The discovery of the ionization of gases by ultraviolet light was made by Philipp Lenard in 1900. As the effect was produced across several centimeters of air and yielded a greater number of positive ions than negative, it was natural to interpret the phenomenon, as J. J. Thomson did, as a Hertz effect upon the particles present in the gas. [27]
Semi-conductor lasers (Bottom to Top: 660 nm, 635 nm, 532 nm, 520 nm, 445 nm, 405 nm) A laser diode is electrically a PIN diode.The active region of the laser diode is in the intrinsic (I) region, and the carriers (electrons and holes) are pumped into that region from the N and P regions respectively.
[3]: 21–119 The spectrophotometer is used to measure colored compounds in the visible region of light (between 350 nm and 800 nm), [3]: 65 thus it can be used to find more information about the substance being studied. In biochemical experiments, a chemical and/or physical property is chosen and the procedure that is used is specific to that ...