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2. Physical optics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_optics

   Physical optics is used to explain effects such as diffraction. In physics, physical optics, or wave optics, is the branch of optics that studies interference, diffraction, polarization, and other phenomena for which the ray approximation of geometric optics is not valid.

3. Interferometry - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferometry

   Figure 1. The light path through a Michelson interferometer.The two light rays with a common source combine at the half-silvered mirror to reach the detector. They may either interfere constructively (strengthening in intensity) if their light waves arrive in phase, or interfere destructively (weakening in intensity) if they arrive out of phase, depending on the exact distances between the ...

4. Wave interference - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_interference

   The resultant wave may have greater intensity (constructive interference) or lower amplitude (destructive interference) if the two waves are in phase or out of phase, respectively. Interference effects can be observed with all types of waves, for example, light , radio , acoustic , surface water waves , gravity waves , or matter waves as well ...

5. Physics of optical holography - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics_of_Optical_Holography

   To understand the process, it is helpful to understand interference and diffraction. Interference occurs when one or more wavefronts are superimposed. Diffraction occurs when a wavefront encounters an object. The process of producing a holographic reconstruction is explained below purely in terms of interference and diffraction.

6. Diffraction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction

   Diffraction is the same physical effect as interference, but interference is typically applied to superposition of a few waves and the term diffraction is used when many waves are superposed. [1]: 433 Italian scientist Francesco Maria Grimaldi coined the word diffraction and was the first to record accurate observations of the phenomenon in 1660.

7. Talbot effect - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talbot_effect

   Due to the quantum mechanical wave nature of particles, diffraction effects have also been observed with atoms—effects which are similar to those in the case of light. . Chapman et al. carried out an experiment in which a collimated beam of sodium atoms was passed through two diffraction gratings (the second used as a mask) to observe the Talbot effect and measure the Talbot length

8. Corpuscular theory of light - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpuscular_theory_of_light

   Physics - Newton's corpuscular theory of light - Science. elearnin. Uploaded 5 Jan 2013. Robert Hooke's Critique of Newton's Theory of Light and Colors (delivered 1672) Robert Hooke. Thomas Birch, The History of the Royal Society, vol. 3 (London: 1757), pp. 10–15. Newton Project, University of Sussex. Corpuscule or Wave. Arman Kashef. 2022.

9. Common-path interferometer - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common-path_interferometer

   Another common-path interferometer useful in lens testing and fluid flow diagnostics is the point diffraction interferometer (PDI), invented by Linnik in 1933. [11] [12] The reference beam is generated by diffraction from a small pinhole, about half the diameter of the Airy disk, in a semitransparent plate. Fig. 1 illustrates an aberrated ...