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  2. Analysis of water chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis_of_water_chemistry

    An EPA scientist samples water in Florida Everglades. Samples of water from the natural environment are routinely taken and analyzed as part of a pre-determined monitoring program by regulatory authorities to ensure that waters remain unpolluted, or if polluted, that the levels of pollution are not increasing or are falling in line with an agreed remediation plan.

  3. Expansive clay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expansive_clay

    Expansive clay, also called expansive soil, is a clay soil prone to large volume changes (swelling and shrinking) directly related to changes in water content. [1] Soils with a high content of expansive minerals can form deep cracks in drier seasons or years; such soils are called vertisols.

  4. Advanced oxidation process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_oxidation_process

    Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), in a broad sense, are a set of chemical treatment procedures designed to remove organic (and sometimes inorganic) materials in water and wastewater by oxidation through reactions with hydroxyl radicals (·OH). [1]

  5. Water treatment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_treatment

    Dalecarlia Water Treatment Plant, Washington, D.C. Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it appropriate for a specific end-use. The end use may be drinking, industrial water supply, irrigation, river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, including being safely returned to the environment.

  6. Coagulation (water treatment) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulation_(water_treatment)

    Coagulation-flocculation process in a water treatment system. In water treatment, coagulation and flocculation involve the addition of compounds that promote the clumping of fine floc into larger floc so that they can be more easily separated from the water. Coagulation is a chemical process that involves neutralization of charge whereas ...

  7. Antiscalant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiscalant

    An antiscalant is a chemical or pre-treatment chemical that prevents the formation of scale, or crystallized mineral salts, commonly used in water purification systems, pipelines and cooling tower applications.

  8. Shrink–swell capacity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrink–swell_capacity

    Soils with this shrink-swell capacity fall under the soil order of Vertisols. [6] As these soils dry, deep cracks can form on the surface, which then allows water to penetrate to deeper levels of the soil. [7] This can cause the swelling of these soils to become cyclical, with periods of both shrinking and swelling.

  9. Humic substance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humic_substance

    The presence of humic acid in water intended for potable or industrial use can have a significant impact on the treatability of that water and the success of chemical disinfection processes. For instance, humic and fulvic acids can react with the chemicals used in the chlorination process to form disinfection byproducts such as ...