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Solipsism (/ ˈ s ɒ l ɪ p s ɪ z əm / ⓘ SOLL-ip-siz-əm; from Latin solus ' alone ' and ipse ' self ') [1] is the philosophical idea that only one's mind is sure to exist. As an epistemological position, solipsism holds that knowledge of anything outside one's own mind is unsure; the external world and other minds cannot be known and might not exist outside the mind.
Some have argued that optimism is the opposite end of a single dimension with pessimism, [14] [page needed] with any distinction between them reflecting factors such as social desirability. Confirmatory modelling , however, supports a two-dimensional model [ 15 ] and the two dimensions predict different outcomes [ clarification needed ] . [ 16 ]
Idealism in philosophy, also known as philosophical idealism or metaphysical idealism, is the set of metaphysical perspectives asserting that, most fundamentally, reality is equivalent to mind, spirit, or consciousness; that reality is entirely a mental construct; or that ideas are the highest type of reality or have the greatest claim to being considered "real".
Marx identifies sublation as the manner in which material, historical conditions develop.This is not necessarily opposite with the philosophical idealism of Hegel, for whom historical sublation reflects the agency of a specific Geist (often translated as "mind" or "spirit") which in this instance is made to encompass the activity of class conditions.
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
The American Council on Science and Health said that denialism of the facts of climate science and of climate change misrepresents verifiable data and information as political opinion. [37] Anti-intellectualism puts scientists in the public view and forces them to align with either a liberal or a conservative political stance.
In analytic philosophy, anti-realism is the position that the truth of a statement rests on its demonstrability through internal logic mechanisms, such as the context principle or intuitionistic logic, in direct opposition to the realist notion that the truth of a statement rests on its correspondence to an external, independent reality. [1]
In this optimistic age of science and industry, there were few critics of the Enlightenment, and few explicit defenders. Friedrich Nietzsche is a notable and highly influential exception. After an initial defence of the Enlightenment in his so-called "middle period" (late 1870s to early 1880s), Nietzsche turned vehemently against it.