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Eight times as many flu cases were reported among UK horses in the first six weeks of 2019 as in the whole of 2018, and there was particular concern about its appearance in vaccinated horses and thoroughbreds. [33] The outbreak continued at an elevated rate for the first half of the year and a peak in cases was seen at the end of June.
The 1918 Spanish flu was the first of three flu ... Outbreaks of influenza-like illness were documented in 1916–17 ... as it was big enough to be ...
The first horses to return to the main continent were 16 specifically identified [clarification needed] horses brought by Hernán Cortés. Subsequent explorers, such as Coronado and De Soto , brought ever-larger numbers, some from Spain and others from breeding establishments set up by the Spanish in the Caribbean.
Western Hemisphere populations were ravaged mostly by smallpox, but also typhus, measles, influenza, bubonic plague, cholera, malaria, tuberculosis, mumps, yellow fever, and pertussis. The lack of written records in many places and the destruction of many native societies by disease, war, and colonization make estimates uncertain.
The success of New York City's Metropolitan Board of Health in improving public health conditions and managing disease outbreaks demonstrated the effectiveness of a centralized, empowered health authority. This model was subsequently adopted by other cities and states, shaping the future of public health administration in America. [18] [19] [20]
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This is a timeline of influenza, briefly describing major events such as outbreaks, epidemics, pandemics, discoveries and developments of vaccines.In addition to specific year/period-related events, there is the seasonal flu that kills between 250,000 and 500,000 people every year and has claimed between 340 million and 1 billion human lives throughout history.
During the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic, this practice served to promote the evolution of more virulent viral strains over those that produced mild illness.) When it first killed humans in Asia in the 1990s, a deadly avian strain of H5N1 posed a great risk for a new influenza pandemic; however, this virus did not mutate to spread easily between ...