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Kleiber's plot comparing body size to metabolic rate for a variety of species. [1]Kleiber's law, named after Max Kleiber for his biology work in the early 1930s, states, after many observations that, for a vast number of animals, an animal's Basal Metabolic Rate scales to the 3 ⁄ 4 power of the animal's mass.
BMR is a flexible trait (it can be reversibly adjusted within individuals), with, for example, lower temperatures generally resulting in higher basal metabolic rates for both birds [7] and rodents. [8] There are two models to explain how BMR changes in response to temperature: the variable maximum model (VMM) and variable fraction model (VFM).
Respirometry depends on a "what goes in must come out" principle. [6] Consider a closed system first. Imagine that we place a mouse into an air-tight container. The air sealed in the container initially contains the same composition and proportions of gases that were present in the room: 20.95% O 2, 0.04% CO 2, water vapor (the exact amount depends on air temperature, see dew point), 78% ...
Kleiber found that an organism's basal metabolic rate could be predicted by taking 3/4 the power of the organism's body weight. This finding was noteworthy because the inversion of the scaling exponent, between 0.2 and 0.33, also demonstrated the scaling for both lifespan and metabolic rate, and was colloquially called the "mouse-to-elephant ...
In 2005, National Geographic and Alderfer produced the first edition of National Geographic Complete Birds of North America. This book is marketed as a "companion to" the organization's regular field guides. [9] It is effectively acts as a reference book, but not as a field guide due to its size. [9]
The respiratory quotient (RQ or respiratory coefficient) is a dimensionless number used in calculations of basal metabolic rate (BMR) when estimated from carbon dioxide production. It is calculated from the ratio of carbon dioxide produced by the body to oxygen consumed by the body, when the body is in a steady state.
RMR differs from basal metabolic rate (BMR) because BMR measurements must meet total physiological equilibrium whereas RMR conditions of measurement can be altered and defined by the contextual limitations. Therefore, BMR is measured in the elusive "perfect" steady state, whereas RMR measurement is more accessible and thus, represents most, if ...
The Sibley Guide to Birds is a reference work and field guide for the birds found in the continental United States and Canada. It is written and illustrated by ornithologist David Allen Sibley . The book provides details on 810 species of birds, with information about identification, life history, vocalizations, and geographic distribution.