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Ammonium nitrate is a chemical compound with the formula NH 4 NO 3. It is a white crystalline salt consisting of ions of ammonium and nitrate. It is highly soluble in water and hygroscopic as a solid, but does not form hydrates. It is predominantly used in agriculture as a high-nitrogen fertilizer. [5]
Peroxynitrite is weakly basic with a pK a of ~6.8.. It is reactive toward DNA and proteins.. ONOO − reacts nucleophilically with carbon dioxide. In vivo, the concentration of carbon dioxide is about 1 mM, and its reaction with ONOO − occurs quickly.
(aq) signifies that the ion is aquated, with cations having a chemical formula [M(H 2 O) p] q+ and anions whose state of aquation is generally unknown. For convenience (aq) is not shown in the rest of this article as the number of water molecules that are attached to the ions is irrelevant in regard to hydrolysis. This reaction occurs ...
However, 2+ ions (Be 2+) or even 1+ (Li +) show some polarizing power because their sizes are so small (e.g., LiI is ionic but has some covalent bonding present). Note that this is not the ionic polarization effect that refers to the displacement of ions in the lattice due to the application of an electric field.
In organic chemistry, it may also refer to the group −O−N=N−O−, or any organic compound with the generic formula R 1 −O−N=N−O−R 2, where R 1 and R 2 are organic groups. [1] Such compounds can be viewed as salts and esters of hyponitrous acid. An acid hyponitrite is an ionic compound with the anion HN 2 O − 2 ([HON=NO] −).
A metal ion in aqueous solution or aqua ion is a cation, dissolved in water, of chemical formula [M(H 2 O) n] z+. The solvation number , n , determined by a variety of experimental methods is 4 for Li + and Be 2+ and 6 for most elements in periods 3 and 4 of the periodic table .
The nitronium ion, [N O 2] +, is a cation. It is an onium ion because its nitrogen atom has +1 charge, similar to ammonium ion [NH 4 ] + . It is created by the removal of an electron from the paramagnetic nitrogen dioxide molecule NO 2 , or the protonation of nitric acid HNO 3 (with removal of H 2 O ).
Extreme acidity, heat, and dehydrating conditions are usually required. Other hydrocarbon oxonium ions are formed by protonation or alkylation of alcohols or ethers (R−C− + −R 1 R 2). Secondary oxonium ions have the formula R 2 OH +, an example being protonated ethers. Tertiary oxonium ions have the formula R 3 O +, an example being ...
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