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The Constitutional Army (Spanish: Ejército constitucional), also known as the Constitutionalist Army (Spanish: Ejército constitucionalista), was the army that fought against the Federal Army, and later, against the Villistas and Zapatistas during the Mexican Revolution.
At the first years of war, during Spanish constitutional period, the main military effort of Spain was aimed at preserving the island of Cuba and the viceroyalty of Mexico in North America. But in 1814, with the restoration of Ferdinand VII, the strategic line of the war changed drastically, directing the major Spanish military effort towards ...
Royalist territories in Western South America after the Battle of Chacabuco of 1818. Chiloé and Valdivia were royalist enclaves accessible only by sea.. The creation of juntas in Spanish America in 1810 was a direct reaction to developments in Spain during the previous two years.
The 1823 Monroe Doctrine, opposed additional European colonialism in the Western Hemisphere.It held that any intervention in the political affairs of the Americas by foreign powers was a potentially hostile act against the U.S. [2] It also began Washington's policy of isolationism, stating it was necessary for the United States to refrain from entering into European affairs.
The army, whose liberal leanings had brought the government to power, began to waver when the Spanish economy failed to improve, and in 1823, a mutiny in Madrid had to be suppressed. The Jesuits , who had been banned by Charles III in the 18th century, only to be rehabilitated by Ferdinand VII after his restoration, were banned again by the ...
The Spanish government kept its own navy away from US waters, and refused Tassara's petitions in April 1862 and late June 1863 (when Tassara believed that the fall of Washington, D.C. was imminent) to send warships up the Potomac River, protect the Spanish legation and evacuate it if necessary. [1]
He provided maps and information on the Spanish military forces to the U.S. government before the invasion. The American offensive began on May 12, 1898, when a squadron of 12 U.S. ships commanded by Rear Adm. William T. Sampson of the United States Navy attacked the archipelago 's capital, San Juan .
The pact called for a constitutional convention to revise the 1857 Mexican Constitution. It excluded commanders in the Constitutionalist Army from running for the presidency of the republic in the future. It called for the end of the Federal Army, at the time commanded by former general, now president of Mexico, Victoriano Huerta. The Pact of ...