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Python supports most object oriented programming (OOP) techniques. It allows polymorphism, not only within a class hierarchy but also by duck typing. Any object can be used for any type, and it will work so long as it has the proper methods and attributes. And everything in Python is an object, including classes, functions, numbers and modules.
Functions are created in Python using the def keyword. In Python, you define the function as if you were calling it, by typing the function name and then the attributes required. Here is an example of a function that will print whatever is given:
Another example is a Print(object o) function that executes different actions based on whether it's printing text or photos. The two different functions may be overloaded as Print(text_object T); Print(image_object P). If we write the overloaded print functions for all objects our program will "print", we never have to worry about the type of ...
C++ also allows objects to provide an implementation of the function call operation. The Standard Template Library accepts these objects (called functors) as parameters. Many dynamic languages, such as JavaScript, Lua, Python, Perl [1] [2] and PHP, allow a function object to be passed.
One of the principles, "There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it", can be referenced as the "Pythonic" way. [8] The official definition of "Pythonic" is: [2] An idea or piece of code which closely follows the most common idioms of the Python language, rather than implementing code using concepts common to other ...
When a function is attached as a property of an object and called as a method of that object (e.g. obj.f(x)), this will refer to the object that the function is contained within. [14] [15] It is even possible to manually specify this when calling a function, by using the .call() or .apply() methods of the function object. [16]
The feature was turned off by default, and not required, until Python 2.2.) Python 2.2 was released in December 2001; [23] a major innovation was the unification of Python's types (types written in C) and classes (types written in Python) into one hierarchy. This single unification made Python's object model purely and consistently object ...
The word One-liner also has two references in the index of the book The AWK Programming Language (the book is often referred to by the abbreviation TAPL). It explains the programming language AWK, which is part of the Unix operating system. The authors explain the birth of the one-liner paradigm with their daily work on early Unix machines: