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Gongmin (Korean: 공민; Hanja: 恭愍; 23 May 1330 – 27 October 1374), also known by his Mongolian name, Bayan Temür, [1] was 31st ruler of Goryeo from 1351 to 1374. He was the second son of King Chungsuk .
The future Princess Noguk was born Budashiri, a member of the Yuan dynasty's ruling Borjigin clan and a great-great-great-granddaughter of Kublai Khan.Though her birth year is unknown, she is recorded as having married the reformist monarch Gongmin of Goryeo in the Yuan capital of Khanbaliq in 1349, after which she went to live in Goryeo.
Goryeo under Mongol rule refers to the rule of the Mongol Empire and the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty over the Korean Peninsula from about 1270 to 1356. [1] After the Mongol invasions of Korea and the capitulation of the Korean Goryeo dynasty in the 13th century, Goryeo became a semi-autonomous vassal state and compulsory ally of the Yuan dynasty for about 80 years.
Sin Ton (Korean: 신돈; 21 January 1322 – 21 August 1371) [a] a Korean Buddhist monk and scholar during the Goryeo period. His Dharma name was P'yŏncho (편조) and he became a teacher and advisor of King Gongmin.
Gojoseon (2333 BC – 108 BC) was the first Korean kingdom. According to legend, it was founded by Dangun in 2333 BC. [1]Bronze Age archaeological evidence of Gojoseon culture is found in northern Korea and Liaoning.
In 1374, a high official named Yi In-im led a small but powerful, anti-Ming faction that assassinated King Gongmin. [2] The anti-Ming group enthroned the eleven-year-old boy, as King Gongmin's successor. [3] [2] Suspicious about Gongmin's sudden and unexplained death, the Chinese doubted the legitimacy of the adolescent King U.
While the geomancer took the king's subjects to the spot where the tomb is now located, Gongmin climbed the one opposite to review the site. When he reached the top of the mountain, exhausted, he dabbed his brow and surveyed the area; delightedly, he found it to be perfect and prepared to personally congratulate the young man.
In the mid-14th century, when the Yuan dynasty was beginning to crumble due to the Red Turban Rebellion, Gongmin reformed the Korean government, abolished Mongolian military outposts, purged pro-Yuan sentiments, and regained lost northern territories. [1] The Red Turbans attacked Goryeo most likely because of military exigency. [2]