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Most schools do not automatically provide parents a knowledgeable person to guide them through the IEP process. Parents usually have to do the research to know what their child's rights are and what the school can do to help their child. [13] IEP's are not automatically given to children whose parents believe they need special education resources.
An IEP must be designed to meet the unique educational needs of that child in the Least Restrictive Environment appropriate to the needs of that child. When a child qualifies for services, an IEP team is convened to design an education plan. In addition to the child's parents, the IEP team must include at least: [citation needed]
The goals that are put into place within an IEP are targeted specifically towards only the student. This focus creates opportunities for learning interventions in everyday routines and activities. [3] The same center that supplies children 0–3 with an IFSP also supplies adults and older children with an Individual Program Plan. [4]
In the United States, Canada, and the UK, educational professionals use a student's Individualized Education Program (IEP). Another name for a student's Individualized Education Plan is a student's Individual Learning Plan (ILP). "The IEP is meant to address each child's unique learning issues and include specific educational goals.
The school is required to develop and implement an IEP that meets the standards of federal and state educational agencies. The state department of education oversees its schools to make sure they are compliant to every student's IEP. If schools fail to comply to the child's IEP, the school district may be put on trial.
The free and appropriate public education proffered in an IEP need not be the best one that money can buy, [44] nor one that maximizes the child's educational potential. [43] Rather, it need only be an education that specifically meets a child's unique needs, supported by services that permit the child to benefit from the instruction. [43]
The act mandated that all children with disabilities receive a "free appropriate public education." [2] To achieve this goal, the act required the student, parents and teachers together devise an Individualized Education Program (IEP), however the act did not specify that those IEPs include any particular services, standards or outcomes.
Because the law does not clearly state to what degree the least restrictive environment is, courts have had to interpret the LRE principle. In a landmark case interpreting IDEA's predecessor statute (EHA), Daniel R.R. v. State Board of Education (1989), it was determined that students with disabilities have a right to be included in both academic and extracurricular programs of general education.