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great halls 5 or 3 bays wide or halls 7 or 5 bays wide 4th: 7.2: 4.8: great halls 3 bays wide or halls 5 bays wide 5th: 6.6: 4.4: great halls 3 small bays wide or halls 3 large bays wide 6th: 6: 4: pagodas and small halls 7th: 5.25: 3.2: pagodas and small great halls 8th: 4.5: 3: small pagodas and ceilings
For hardwood flooring, the test usually requires an 80 mm × 150 mm (3 in × 6 in) sample with a thickness of at least 6–8 mm, and the most commonly used test is the ASTM D1037. When testing wood in lumber form, the Janka test is always carried out on wood from the tree trunk (known as the heartwood), and the standard sample (according to ...
The span of the Pantheon, Rome, is not 43.3 m because there is a hole at the top of 9.1 m, so the span has been reduced with the size of the hole to 34.2 m. The span of any structure is measured in the following way: Place the largest possible imaginary horizontal circular disk under or inside the structure, barely touching any load-bearing ...
In engineering, span is the distance between two adjacent structural supports (e.g., two piers) of a structural member (e.g., a beam). Span is measured in the horizontal direction either between the faces of the supports (clear span) or between the centers of the bearing surfaces (effective span): [1] A span can be closed by a solid beam or by ...
A simple timber frame made of straight vertical and horizontal pieces with a common rafter roof without purlins. The term box frame is not well defined and has been used for any kind of framing (with the usual exception of cruck framing). The distinction presented here is that the roof load is carried by the exterior walls.
In Scandinavia shakes, traditionally used only for roofing, are generally smaller than in North America, measuring 13–16 inches (330–410 mm) long, 4–6 inches (100–150 mm) wide and 1 ⁄ 8 inch (3.2 mm) thick, [6] while in Poland and Slovakia they are usually 36 inches (910 mm) long, 4–6 inches (100–150 mm) wide and 1–1.25 inches ...
New River Gorge Bridge has the longest free span of all deck arch bridges: 518 m. This is the timeline of the 3 longest supported deck arch bridge spans in the world, where the road deck lies on top of the arch. The deck is supported by columns, truss, rubble or lies directly on the arch. These bridges are often found in narrow valleys.
"Building the redwood region: The redwood lumber industry and the landscape of Northern California, 1850–1929" (PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley; ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2000. 3001767). Cox, Thomas R. Mills and markets: A history of the Pacific Coast lumber industry to 1900 (U of Washington Press, 2016).