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A Baker's cyst, also known as a popliteal cyst, is a type of fluid collection behind the knee. [4] Often there are no symptoms. [2] If symptoms do occur these may include swelling and pain behind the knee, or knee stiffness. [1] If the cyst breaks open, pain may significantly increase with swelling of the calf. [1]
Pain is generally just below the kneecap. [2] Symptoms may worsen if the knee is overly straightened or bent for too long a period. [2] Complications may include an inability to fully straighten the knee. [2] The underlying mechanism may involve bleeding, inflammation, or insufficient space for the fat pad. [2]
The cysts may intrude into the spine, which may cause pain and dysesthesia in distant extremities. [ 20 ] Cystic adventitial disease , in which a cyst occurs within the popliteal artery near the knee, has been proposed recently to occur by an articular mechanism, with a conduit leading from the joint, similar to the development of ganglion ...
In osteoarthritis, joint injection of glucocorticoids (such as hydrocortisone) leads to short term pain relief that may last between a few weeks and a few months. [5] Injections of hyaluronic acid have not produced improvement compared to placebo for knee arthritis, [6] [7] but did increase risk of further pain. [6]
[5] Diffuse TGCT (D-TGCT) — also called pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS)— is a rare tumor that presents as a proliferative, destructive, intra-articular lesion, most commonly in the knee. [ 3 ] : 102 [ 6 ] Common symptoms of TGCT include swelling, pain, stiffness and reduced mobility in the affected joint or limb.
When the deep bursa is involved, bending the knee generally increases the pain. [2] Other conditions that may appear similar include patellar tendonitis and prepatellar bursitis. [5] Treatment is generally by rest, alternating between ice and heat, and NSAIDs. [1] Infrapatellar bursitis is relatively rare. [4]
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A 2007 Cochrane review of prolotherapy in adults with chronic low-back pain found unclear evidence of effect. [5] A 2009 review concluded the same for subacute low back pain. [6] A 2015 review found consistent evidence that it does not help in low back pain. [4] There was tentative evidence of benefit when used with other low back pain treatments.