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Political map of present-day Ireland. The Partition of Ireland (Irish: críochdheighilt na hÉireann) was the process by which the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (UK) divided Ireland into two self-governing polities: Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland (the area today known as the Republic of Ireland, or simply Ireland).
Ireland was in 1939 nominally a Dominion of the British Empire and a member of the Commonwealth.The nation had gained de facto independence from Britain after the Irish War of Independence, and the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 declared Ireland to be a "sovereign, independent, democratic state".
Even during wartime, when Ireland remained neutral and the UK was a belligerent during World War II, the only significant restrictions on travel between the states were an Irish prohibition on the wearing of military uniforms by British citizens when in Irish territory and the instatement of passport controls between Great Britain and the ...
Markings to alert aircraft to neutral Republic of Ireland ("Éire") during World War II on Malin Head, County Donegal. Plan W, during World War II, was a plan of joint military operations between the governments of Ireland and the United Kingdom devised between 1940 and 1942, to be executed in the event of an invasion of Ireland by Nazi Germany.
De Valera's reluctance to recognise a difference between World War II and previous European wars was illustrated by his reply to a radio broadcast by the British Prime Minister, Churchill on V-E Day. Churchill praised Britain's restraint in not occupying Ireland to secure the Western Approaches during the Battle of the Atlantic:
This is a chronological list of armed conflicts involving Ireland and the United Kingdom.Both sides have fought a total of 15 armed conflicts against each other, with 1 of them being an Irish victory, 12 of them being a British victory, 1 having another result and 1 being an internal conflict (civil war).
Partition of Ireland in 1920 into Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland. This partition was only partially implemented as, following the Irish War of Independence, Southern Ireland became the Irish Free State; Treaty of Kars of 1921, which partitioned Ottoman Armenia between Turkey and the Soviet Union (Western and Eastern Armenia).
Doing so forced the British government to pay closer attention to the state of Ireland and its people. In 1844, a future British prime minister, Benjamin Disraeli , defined the Irish question: That dense population in extreme distress inhabited an island where there was an established church which was not their church; and a territorial ...