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Napoleon's withdrawal from Russia, painting by Adolph Northen Napoleon among his retreating troops at the Berezina, painting by Albrecht Adam. Following the campaign, a saying arose that "General Winter" defeated Napoleon, alluding to the Russian Winter. Minard's map shows that the opposite is true as the French losses were highest in the ...
Only Marshal Édouard Mortier's corps remained in Moscow; Mortier was the city's Governor General. Napoleon intended to attack and defeat the Russian army, and then break out into unforaged country for provisions; however, short on supplies and seeing the fall of the first snows on Moscow, the French abandoned the city voluntarily that same night.
Napoleon's fatal 1812 march on Moscow is one such event." [3] HarperCollins commented that "Moscow 1812 is a masterful work of history;" as well as being "dramatic, insightful, and enormously absorbing." [4] Michael Burleigh of The Sunday Times wrote "Adam Zamoyski's account of the 1812 campaign is so brilliant that it is impossible to put ...
Before leaving Moscow, Count Rostopchin supposedly gave orders to the head of police (and released convicts) to have the Kremlin and major public buildings (including churches and monasteries) set on fire. During the following days, the fires spread. According to Germaine de Staël, who left the city a few weeks before Napoleon arrived, and afterward corresponded with Kutuzov, it was ...
In the War of the Sixth Coalition (French: Guerre de la Sixième Coalition) (December 1812 – May 1814), sometimes known in Germany as the Wars of Liberation (German: Befreiungskriege), a coalition of Austria, Prussia, Russia, Spain, the United Kingdom, Portugal, Sweden, Sardinia, and a number of German States defeated France and drove Napoleon into exile on Elba.
I note that the image page includes an English translation of the block of French text, as well as instructions for reading the temperature graph at the bottom of the image (temperature is shown in chronological order from _right_ to _left_, in degrees on the Réaumur scale (multiply degrees Réaumur by 1.25 to get degrees Celsius).
The Grande Armée crossing the Niemen by Waterloo Clark Napoleon's Hill or Jiesia mound from the other bank of the Niemen river Anonymous, the Grande Armée crossing the river Napoleon's army crossing the Niemen river, starting on 24 June [O.S. 12 June (Julian Calendar)] 1812 [1] French Army crossing Nieman River 1812 by Auguste Raffet Italian corps of Eugène de Beauharnais crossing the ...
The last major battle had been the Battle of Tarutino on 18 October 1812, that was won by the Russian army. [4] A great part of the large mob of non-combatants, invalids from the hospitals, women, fugitive inhabitants of Moscow, whose number can only be guessed at, was directed upon Vereya and the straight road to Smolensk and only the fighting force was to march towards Kaluga. [5]