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An artificial cell, synthetic cell or minimal cell is an engineered particle that mimics one or many functions of a biological cell.Often, artificial cells are biological or polymeric membranes which enclose biologically active materials. [1]
Synthetic biological circuits are an application of synthetic biology where biological parts inside a cell are designed to perform logical functions mimicking those observed in electronic circuits. Typically, these circuits are categorized as either genetic circuits , RNA circuits , or protein circuits , depending on the types of biomolecule ...
Xenobiology (XB) is a subfield of synthetic biology, the study of synthesizing and manipulating biological devices and systems. [1] The name "xenobiology" derives from the Greek word xenos, which means "stranger, alien".
Mammalian designer cells are engineered by humans to behave a specific way, such as an immune cell that expresses a synthetic receptor designed to combat a specific disease. [ 192 ] [ 193 ] Electrogenetics is an application of synthetic biology that involves utilizing electrical fields to stimulate a response in engineered cells. [ 194 ]
A study performed by Giarratana et al. [35] describes a large-scale ex-vivo production of mature human blood cells using hematopoietic stem cells. The cultured cells possessed the same haemoglobin content and morphology as native red blood cells. The authors contend that the cells had a near-normal lifespan, when compared to natural red blood ...
S phase (Synthesis phase) is the phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between G 1 phase and G 2 phase. [1] Since accurate duplication of the genome is critical to successful cell division, the processes that occur during S-phase are tightly regulated and widely conserved.
He is known for leading one of the first draft sequences of the human genome [1] [2] and led the first team to transfect a cell with a synthetic chromosome. [3] [4] Venter founded Celera Genomics, the Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR) and the J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI). He was the co-founder of Human Longevity Inc. and Synthetic Genomics.
She has worked on constructing liposome bioreactor synthetic cells. [7] She is a founder and steering group member of the Build-a-Cell Initiative, an international collaboration for creation of synthetic live cells. [8] [9] She is a co-founder of synthetic cell company Synlife. [10]