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The sections are 60 and 75 minutes long, respectively. It is not necessary to answer the free-response questions in essay form; instead, points are awarded on certain keywords, examples, and other vital aspects. As of May 2025 the AP Human Geography Exam will be online. [2]
Robert Sack's 'Human Territoriality' popularised this position, describing human territoriality as a powerful strategy. [3] In the field of International Relations, John Ruggie argued that territoriality was the organizing principle for modern international politics and could be contrasted with medieval heteronomous orders. [4]
In political geography, an enclave is a piece of land belonging to one country (or region etc.) that is totally surrounded by another country (or region). An exclave is a piece of land that is politically attached to a larger piece but not physically contiguous with it (connected to it) because they are completely separated by a surrounding foreign territory or territories.
The territorial state has been around for centuries, but it has taken many forms throughout history, one example of this is the Gunpowder empires of the early modern period. These gunpowder empires were characterized by a large central power which could purchase weaponry that smaller states could not afford, allowing them to expand rapidly. [ 36 ]
It said sovereignty over South Ledge would remain disputed until the states could determine the ownership of the territorial waters in which it is located. [56] "Point 20"; a small area of land reclaimed from the sea by Singapore Singapore Malaysia: Malaysia claims the land was reclaimed in its territorial waters.
The typical case is between two states. A textbook example of this is Somalia's invasion of Ethiopia. [11] [20] In the second case of decolonization, the territory to be annexed is a former colony of another state and not a regular part of it. An example is the Indonesian invasion and occupation of the former Portuguese colony of East Timor.
Poland is an example of a compact state. [1] A compact state has a minimum frontier to defend, and generally roads and railways are relatively simple to provide. [6] An elongated or attenuated state is much longer in one direction than the other. [2] Norway and Chile are examples of elongated states. [1]
Animals that actively defend territories in this way are referred to as being territorial or displaying territorialism. Territoriality is only shown by a minority of species. More commonly, an individual or a group of animals occupies an area that it habitually uses but does not necessarily defend; this is called its home range .