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The line through the steering axis creates a pivot point around which the tire turns. If these lines intersect at the road surface, a zero scrub radius would be present. When the intersection is below the surface of the road, this is positive scrub radius. Conversely, when the lines intersect above the road, negative scrub radius is present.
Regulatory definition: For the purpose of U.S. regulation and GTRs (Global Technical Regulations)—and for clear communication in safety and seating design [7] —the H-point is defined as the actual hip point of the seated crash test dummy itself, [7] whereas the R-point (or SgRP, seating reference point) is the theoretical hip point used by ...
These spring elements are compressed as they enter the road contact area, and recover as they exit the footprint. Variation in the spring constants in both radial and lateral directions cause variations in the compressive and restorative forces as the tire rotates. Given a perfect tire, running on a perfectly smooth roadway, the force exerted ...
There are a number of devices which can be used to measure slip angle on a vehicle as it moves; some use optical methods, some use inertial methods, some GPS and some both GPS and inertial. Various test machines have been developed to measure slip angle in a controlled environment. A motorcycle tire test machine is located at the University of ...
These aligners no longer require heads to be hung on or clamped to the car wheels, instead the car either drives over a speed-bump style device that records the wheel and tyre measurements, or other aligners all the car to be driven between pillars containing fixed cameras that take the measurements from the vehicle wheels as they drive into ...
Front suspension of a race car — the caster angle is formed by the line between upper and lower ball joint An example of a chopper with a raked fork at an extreme caster angle The caster angle [ 1 ] or castor angle [ 2 ] is the angular displacement of the steering axis from the vertical axis of a steered wheel in a car , motorcycle ...
Modern cars do not use pure Ackermann steering, partly because it ignores important dynamic and compliant effects, but the principle is sound for low-speed maneuvers. Some racing cars use reverse Ackermann geometry to compensate for the large difference in slip angle between the inner and outer front tires while cornering at high speed.
Vehicle dynamics is the study of vehicle motion, e.g., how a vehicle's forward movement changes in response to driver inputs, propulsion system outputs, ambient conditions, air/surface/water conditions, etc. Vehicle dynamics is a part of engineering primarily based on classical mechanics.