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By the 17th century, the Catholic Church and Spain had a close bond, attesting to the fact that Spain was virtually free of Protestantism during the 16th century. In 1620, there were 100,000 Spaniards in the clergy; by 1660 the number had grown to about 200,000, and the Church owned 20% of all the land in Spain.
Spanish Empire in 1790. In North America, Spain claimed lands west of the Mississippi River and the Pacific coast from California to Alaska, but it did not control them on the ground. The crown constructed missions and presidios in coastal California and sent maritime expeditions to the Pacific Northwest to assert sovereignty.
The Spanish Inquisition was founded. 1479: War of the Castilian Succession: The war ended. 20 January: The reign of Ferdinand began, marking the foundation of the Kingdom of Spain. 4 September: By the Treaty of Alcáçovas, Portugal recognized Spanish control of the Canary Islands. 1492: 12 October: Spanish conquerors discover (encounter) America
After first landing on "Guanahani" in the Bahamas, Columbus found the island which he called "Isla Juana", later named Cuba. [18] In 1511, the first Adelantado of Cuba, Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar founded the island's first Spanish settlement at Baracoa; other towns soon followed, including Havana, which was founded in 1515.
Spain, [f] officially the Kingdom of Spain, [a] [g] is a country in Southwestern Europe with territories in North Africa. [ h ] Featuring the southernmost point of continental Europe , it is the largest country in Southern Europe and the fourth-most populous European Union member state.
A 17th–century Dutch map of the Americas. The historiography of Spanish America in multiple languages is vast and has a long history. [1] [2] [3] It dates back to the early sixteenth century with multiple competing accounts of the conquest, Spaniards’ eighteenth-century attempts to discover how to reverse the decline of its empire, [4] and people of Spanish descent born in the Americas ...
Cumaná in Venezuela was the first permanent settlement founded by Europeans in the mainland Americas, [18] in 1501 by Franciscan friars, but due to successful attacks by the indigenous people, it had to be refounded several times, until Diego Hernández de Serpa's foundation in 1569. The Spanish founded San Sebastián de Uraba in 1509 but ...
The Conquistadors: First-Person Accounts of the Conquest of Mexico. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press 1993. Previously published by Orion Press 1963. ISBN 978-0806-12562-6; Bernal Díaz del Castillo, The Conquest of New Spain – available as The Discovery and Conquest of Mexico: 1517–1521 ISBN 0-306-81319-X; Durán, Diego.