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The kidney is surrounded by a capsule separating the kidney from the echogenic perirenal fat, which is seen as a thin linear structure. [1] The kidney is divided into parenchyma and renal sinus. The renal sinus is hyperechoic and is composed of calyces, the renal pelvis, fat and the major intrarenal vessels.
Angiomyolipoma seen as a hyperechoic mass in the upper pole of an adult kidney on renal ultrasonography. Renal ultrasonography of a person with tuberous sclerosis and multiple angiomyolipomas in the kidney: Measurement of kidney length on the US image is illustrated by '+' and a dashed line. CT scan of a renal angiomyolipoma.
Among American patients on the kidney-transplant waiting list (as of December 2011), 7256 (8.4%) were listed due to cystic kidney disease and of the 16,055 renal transplants performed in 2011, 2057 (12.8%) were done for patients with cystic kidney disease, with 1,189 from deceased donors and 868 from living donors.
Tissues that have higher echogenicity are called "hyperechoic" and are usually represented with lighter colors on images in medical ultrasonography. In contrast, tissues with lower echogenicity are called "hypoechoic" and are usually represented with darker colors.
There is a hyperechoic kidney without demarcation of the cortex and medulla. [34] Along with obtaining a complete medical history, a series of biochemical tests are required in order to arrive at an accurate diagnosis that verifies the presence of the illness. In addition, imaging of the kidneys (for structure and presence of two kidneys) is ...
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD or PCKD, also known as polycystic kidney syndrome) is a genetic disorder [5] [6] in which the renal tubules become structurally abnormal, resulting in the development and growth of multiple cysts within the kidney. [7] These cysts may begin to develop in utero, in infancy, in childhood, or in adulthood. [8]
The echogenicity of the kidney should be related to the echogenicity of the liver or the spleen. Moreover, decreased kidney size and cortical thinning are often seen especially when the disease progresses. However, kidney size correlates to height, and short persons tend to have small kidneys; thus, kidney size as the only parameter is unreliable.
The PKHD1 gene encodes for the protein forfibrocystin, that is found in the epithelial cells of both the renal tubule and the bile ducts; deficiency leads to the characteristic polycystic dilation of both structures. [11] Micrograph of von Meyenburg complex. ARPKD is a significant hereditary renal disease in that appears in childhood. [12]