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The spacecraft definitively confirmed that humans cannot survive on the surface of Venus, and excluded the possibility of any liquid water on Venus. Venera 8: USSR: 22 July 1972: Within 150 km radius of : Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 50 minutes. Venera 9 lander: USSR: 22 October 1975
There have been 46 space missions to the planet Venus (including gravity-assist flybys). Missions to Venus constitute part of the exploration of Venus. The Soviet Union, followed by the United States, have soft landed probes on the surface. Venera 7 was the first lander overall and first for the Soviet Union, touching down on 15 December 1970.
Cassini–Huygens also flew past Jupiter for a gravity assist on its mission to explore Saturn. Only three of the missions to the outer planets have been orbiters: Galileo orbited Jupiter for eight years, while Cassini orbited Saturn for thirteen years. Juno has been orbiting Jupiter since 2016.
Voyager 2, launched August 1977, operational – flybys of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune; extended mission to explore interstellar medium; first spacecraft to Uranus and Neptune Cassini–Huygens , launched October 1997, completed – Saturn and its moons
The exploration mission revealed that Neptune's atmosphere is very dynamic, even though it receives only three percent of the sunlight that Jupiter receives. Winds on Neptune were found to be the strongest in the Solar System, up to three times stronger than Jupiter's and nine times stronger than the strongest winds on Earth.
Venus 30 October 1981 1 March 1982 landed: 123 days (4 months, 2 days) Venera 13 survived on the surface of Venus for 127 minutes. [30] Venera 14 Lander Venus 4 November 1981 5 March 1982 landed: 122 days (4 months, 2 days) Venera 14 survived on the surface of Venus for 57 minutes. [31] Venera 15 Orbiter Venus 2 June 1983 10 October 1983 ...
Since then, increasingly distant planets have been reached, with probes landing on or impacting the surfaces of Venus in 1966 , Mars in 1971 (Mars 3, although a fully successful landing didn't occur until Viking 1 in 1976), the asteroid Eros in 2001 (NEAR Shoemaker), Saturn's moon Titan in 2004 , the comets Tempel 1 (Deep Impact) in 2005, and ...
Artist's depiction of Pioneer 10, the first spacecraft to visit Jupiter. The exploration of Jupiter has been conducted via close observations by automated spacecraft.It began with the arrival of Pioneer 10 into the Jovian system in 1973, and, as of 2024, has continued with eight further spacecraft missions in the vicinity of Jupiter and two more en route.