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[25] [26] Choline is the parent compound of the cholines class, consisting of ethanolamine having three methyl substituents attached to the amino function. [27] Healthy humans fed artificially composed diets that are deficient in choline develop fatty liver, liver damage, and muscle damage.
Macronutrients are defined as a class of chemical compounds which humans consume in relatively large quantities compared to vitamins and minerals which provide humans with energy. Fat has a food energy content of 38 kilojoules per gram (9 kilocalories per gram) proteins and carbohydrates 17 kJ/g (4 kcal/g).
Nutrition is the biochemical and physiological process by which an organism uses food to support its life. It provides organisms with nutrients , which can be metabolized to create energy and chemical structures.
A 1985 US National Research Council report entitled Nutrition Education in US Medical Schools concluded that nutrition education in medical schools was inadequate. [153] Only 20% of the schools surveyed taught nutrition as a separate, required course. A 2006 survey found that this number had risen to 30%. [154]
The tables below include tabular lists for selected basic foods, compiled from United States Dept. of Agriculture sources.Included for each food is its weight in grams, its calories, and (also in grams,) the amount of protein, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, fat, and saturated fat. [1]
Organotrophs use organic compounds as electron/hydrogen donors. Lithotrophs use inorganic compounds as electron/hydrogen donors.. The electrons or hydrogen atoms from reducing equivalents (electron donors) are needed by both phototrophs and chemotrophs in reduction-oxidation reactions that transfer energy in the anabolic processes of ATP synthesis (in heterotrophs) or biosynthesis (in autotrophs).
Protein occurs in a wide range of food. [11] [12] On a worldwide basis, plant protein foods contribute over 60% of the per capita supply of protein. [9]In North America, animal-derived foods contribute about 70% of protein sources. [12]
People on a balanced vegetarian or vegan diet can obtain adequate nutrition, but may need to specifically focus on consuming specific nutrients, such as protein, iron, calcium, zinc, and vitamin B 12. [5] [2] [6] Raw foodism and intuitive eating are other approaches to dietary choices. Education, income, local availability, and mental health ...