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Great Circle Map Interactive tool for plotting great circle routes on a sphere. Great Circle Mapper Interactive tool for plotting great circle routes. Great Circle Calculator deriving (initial) course and distance between two points. Great Circle Distance Graphical tool for drawing great circles over maps. Also shows distance and azimuth in a ...
A diagram illustrating great-circle distance (drawn in red) between two points on a sphere, P and Q. Two antipodal points, u and v are also shown. The great-circle distance, orthodromic distance, or spherical distance is the distance between two points on a sphere, measured along the great-circle arc between them. This arc is the shortest path ...
Vitruvius also seems to have devised the term orthographic (from the Greek orthos (= “straight”) and graphē (= “drawing”)) for the projection. However, the name analemma , which also meant a sundial showing latitude and longitude, was the common name until François d'Aguilon of Antwerp promoted its present name in 1613.
The reverse conversion is harder: given X-Y-Z can immediately get longitude, but no closed formula for latitude and height exists. See "Geodetic system." Using Bowring's formula in 1976 Survey Review the first iteration gives latitude correct within 10-11 degree as long as the point is within 10,000 meters above or 5,000 meters below the ellipsoid.
Geographical distance or geodetic distance is the distance measured along the surface of the Earth, or the shortest arch length. The formulae in this article calculate distances between points which are defined by geographical coordinates in terms of latitude and longitude. This distance is an element in solving the second (inverse) geodetic ...
Distance from the tangent point on the map is proportional to straight-line distance through the Earth: r(d) = c sin d / 2R [38] Logarithmic azimuthal is constructed so that each point's distance from the center of the map is the logarithm of its distance from the tangent point on the Earth.
True distance = rhumb distance ≅ ruler distance × cos φ / RF. (short lines) (short lines) With radius and great circle circumference equal to 6,371 km and 40,030 km respectively an RF of 1 / 300M , for which R = 2.12 cm and W = 13.34 cm, implies that a ruler measurement of 3 mm. in any direction from a point on the equator ...
It maps circles on the sphere to circles or lines on the plane, and is conformal, meaning that it preserves angles at which curves meet and thus locally approximately preserves shapes. It is neither isometric (distance preserving) nor equiareal (area preserving). [1] The stereographic projection gives a way to represent a sphere by a plane.