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Hemicorporectomy is a radical surgery in which the body below the waist is amputated, transecting the lumbar spine. This removes the legs, the genitalia (internal and external), urinary system, pelvic bones, anus, and rectum.
Microsurgery is a general term for surgery requiring an operating microscope.The most obvious developments have been procedures developed to allow anastomosis of successively smaller blood vessels and nerves (typically 1 mm in diameter) which have allowed transfer of tissue from one part of the body to another and re-attachment of severed parts.
During surgery, a surgical needle or other sharp instrument may inadvertently penetrate the glove and skin of operating room personnel; [7] scalpel injuries tend to be larger than a needlestick. Generally, needlestick injuries cause only minor visible trauma or bleeding; however, even in the absence of bleeding the risk of viral infection remains.
[107] [108] According to Celsus' description of cataract surgery, surgeons would use their right hand to perform on the left eye, and vice versa. During the procedure a needle was inserted between the pupil and the temple until it "meets resistance." Then, the surgeon would rotate the needle until the cataract had been pushed beneath the pupil. [2]
Sutures are placed by mounting a needle with attached suture into a needle holder. The needle point is pressed into the flesh, advanced along the trajectory of the needle's curve until it emerges, and pulled through. The trailing thread is then tied into a knot, usually a square knot or surgeon's knot.
The Edwin Smith Papyrus is a lesser known papyrus dating from the 1600 BCE and only 5 meters in length. It is a manual for performing traumatic surgery and gives 48 case histories. [12] [18] The Smith Papyrus describes a treatment for repairing a broken nose, [19] and the use of sutures to close wounds. [20] Infections were treated with honey. [21]
General surgery is a specialty focused on the abdomen; the thyroid gland; diseases involving skin, breasts, and various soft tissues; trauma; peripheral vascular disease; hernias; and endoscopic procedures. Instruments can be classified in many ways, but, broadly speaking, there are five kinds of instruments. Cutting and dissecting instruments
The needle was introduced as a safer technique to give patients such pneumothoraces. It was not until 1938, when he published his invention in the German literature, that the needle became more broadly known outside of Hungary. [4] Raoul Palmer introduced the use of the Veress needle in laparoscopy to establish a pneumoperitoneum. [5]