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The rates of fat embolism in long bone fractures vary from 1% to 30%. The mortality rate of fat-embolism syndrome is approximately 10–20%. [ 7 ] However, fat globules have been detected in 67% of those with orthopaedic trauma and can reach as high as 95% if the blood is sampled near the fracture site.
a history of long-term intravenous therapy [1] (for air embolism) Bone fracture (for fat embolism) [4] A septal defect of the heart makes it possible for paradoxical embolization, which happens when a clot in a vein enters the right side of the heart and passes through a hole into the left side. The clot can then move to an artery and cause ...
Fat embolism usually occurs when endogenous (from sources within the organism) fat tissue escapes into the blood circulation. The usual cause of fat embolism is therefore the fracture of tubular bones (such as the femur ), which will lead to the leakage of fat tissue within the bone marrow into ruptured vessels.
Treatment is difficult, often requiring a joint replacement. [citation needed] Spontaneous improvement occasionally happens and some juxta-articular lesions do not progress to collapse. [citation needed] Other treatments include immobilization and osteotomy of the femur. [citation needed] Cancellous bone grafts are of little help. [citation needed]
Linear fracture – a fracture that is parallel to the bone's long axis; Transverse fracture – a fracture that is at a right angle to the bone's long axis; Oblique fracture – a fracture that is diagonal to a bone's long axis (more than 30°) Spiral fracture – a fracture where at least one part of the bone has been twisted
This pain may not be relieved by strong painkillers, including opioids like morphine. [20] It may be due to nerve damage from ischemia. [6] A person may experience pain disproportionate to the findings of the physical examination. [21] The pain is aggravated by passively stretching the muscle group within the compartment. [21]
Heterotopic ossification of varying severity can be caused by surgery or trauma to the hips and legs. About every third patient who has total hip arthroplasty (joint replacement) or a severe fracture of the long bones of the lower leg will develop heterotopic ossification, but is uncommonly symptomatic.
Tibia shaft fracture is a fracture of the proximal (upper) third of the tibia (lower leg bone). Due to the location of the tibia on the shin, it is the most commonly fractured long bone in the body. Due to the location of the tibia on the shin, it is the most commonly fractured long bone in the body.