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The state became a republic in 1987, abolishing the title by establishing a new constitution. The former Great Council of Chiefs, however, still recognised Elizabeth II as Tui Viti, as the nation's traditional queen and its supreme tribal chief, despite no longer holding a constitutional office. Consequently, while Fiji remains a republic, a ...
In one-party states, the ruling party's leader (e.g. the General Secretary) is usually the de facto top leader of the state, though sometimes this leader also holds the presidency or premiership. In Andorra , Iran , and Vatican City ( Holy See ), a clergy member also acts as the head of state.
Malaysia and Morocco are constitutional monarchies, but their monarchs still retain more substantial powers than in European equivalents. East and Southeast Asian constitutional monarchies. Bhutan, Cambodia, Japan, and Thailand have constitutional monarchies where the monarch has a limited or ceremonial role. Thailand changed from traditional ...
The National House of Traditional Leaders officially advises the presidency today and is composed of 23 members, while the Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa currently functions as a more inclusive, non-governmental version. In Zambia, according to the 1996 constitution. [3] In Zimbabwe, the Zimbabwe Council of Chiefs.
The constitution recognizes the right of "traditional authorities" to operate by and amend systems of customary law, and directs the courts to apply these laws as applicable. It also empowers the national and provincial legislatures to formally establish houses for and councils of traditional leaders.
A traditional and historical system where the monarch exercises ultimate governing authority as head of state and head of government. Many nations of Europe during the Middle Ages were absolute monarchies. Modern examples include mainly Islamic countries such as Saudi Arabia, UAE, Oman, Brunei and one African country, Eswatini. Constitutional ...
The roles, powers, and influence of non-sovereign monarchs throughout Africa vary greatly depending on the state. In some states, such as Angola, the local king may play an integral role in the local governing council of a region, such is the case with the king of Bailundo, [1] or on a smaller level, such as many of the Fons of Cameroon, they may be seen as leaders or heads of a particular ...