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  2. Lapse rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapse_rate

    It varies with the temperature and pressure of the parcel and is often in the range 3.6 to 9.2 °C/km (2 to 5 °F/1000 ft), as obtained from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The environmental lapse rate is the decrease in temperature of air with altitude for a specific time and place (see below). It can be highly variable ...

  3. Troposphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troposphere

    As such, because the tropopause is an inversion layer in which air-temperature increases with altitude, the temperature of the tropopause remains constant. [2] The layer has the largest concentration of nitrogen. The atmosphere of the Earth is in five layers: (i) the exosphere at 600+ km; (ii) the thermosphere at 600 km;

  4. International Standard Atmosphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard...

    a lapse rate given per kilometer of geopotential altitude (A positive lapse rate (λ > 0) means temperature increases with height) In the above table, geopotential altitude is calculated from a mathematical model that adjusts the altitude to include the variation of gravity with height, while geometric altitude is the standard direct vertical ...

  5. Atmospheric temperature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_temperature

    Atmospheric temperature is a measure of temperature at different levels of the Earth's atmosphere. It is governed by many factors, including incoming solar radiation , humidity , and altitude . The abbreviation MAAT is often used for Mean Annual Air Temperature of a geographical location.

  6. Tropopause - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropopause

    The tropopause is defined as the lowest level at which the lapse rate decreases to 2°C/km or less, provided that the average lapse-rate, between that level and all other higher levels within 2.0 km does not exceed 2°C/km. [1] The tropopause is a first-order discontinuity surface, in which temperature as a function of height varies ...

  7. Atmosphere of Earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Earth

    Air pressure actually decreases exponentially with altitude, for altitudes up to around 70 km (43 mi; 230,000 ft), dropping by half every 5.6 km (18,000 ft), or by a factor of 1/e ≈ 0.368 every 7.64 km (25,100 ft), which is called the scale height. However, the atmosphere is more accurately modeled with a customized equation for each layer ...

  8. Kids on planes can be annoying but separation isn't the ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/kids-planes-annoying-separation-isnt...

    Engel also said kid-free seating can be a good way for airlines to boost their revenues. The PhotoAiD survey showed travelers were willing to pay up to 30% more for seating in a child-free zone.

  9. Thermocline - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermocline

    The temperature is nearly constant after 1500 meters depth. A thermocline (also known as the thermal layer or the metalimnion in lakes) is a distinct layer based on temperature within a large body of fluid (e.g. water, as in an ocean or lake; or air, e.g. an atmosphere) with