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The psoas sign, also known as Cope's sign (or Cope's psoas test[1]) or Obraztsova's sign, [2] is a medical sign that indicates irritation to the iliopsoas group of hip flexors in the abdomen, and consequently indicates that the inflamed appendix is retrocaecal in orientation (as the iliopsoas muscle is retroperitoneal).
Iliopsoas. Anterior hip and thigh muscles. The iliopsoas muscle (/ ˌɪlioʊˈsoʊ.əs /; from Latin ile 'groin' and Ancient Greek ψόᾱ (psóā) 'muscles of the loins') refers to the joined psoas major and the iliacus muscles. The two muscles are separate in the abdomen, but usually merge in the thigh. They are usually given the common name ...
The external obturator muscle or obturator externus muscle (/ ˌɒbtjʊəˈreɪtər ɪkˈstɜːrnəs /; OE) is a flat, triangular muscle, which covers the outer surface of the anterior wall of the pelvis. It is sometimes considered part of the medial compartment of thigh, [1] and sometimes considered part of the gluteal region. [2]
Thomas test. To rule out hip flexion contracture & psoas syndrome. The Thomas test is a physical examination test, named after the Welsh orthopaedic surgeon, Hugh Owen Thomas (1834–1891), to rule out hip flexion contracture (fixed partial flexion of the hip) and psoas syndrome (injury to the psoas muscle). Illustration of the Thomas test.
A positive test indicates the increased likelihood that the abdominal wall and not the abdominal cavity is the source of the pain (for example, due to rectus sheath hematoma instead of appendicitis). [ 3 ] [ 4 ] A negative Carnett's sign is said to occur when the abdominal pain decreases when the patient is asked to lift the head; this points ...
Obturator sign. The obturator sign, also called Cope's obturator test, is an indicator of irritation to the obturator internus muscle. [1] The technique for detecting the obturator sign, called the obturator test, is carried out on each leg in succession. The patient lies on her/his back with the hip and knee both flexed at ninety degrees.
Snapping hip syndrome, also referred to as dancer's hip, is a medical condition characterized by a snapping sensation felt when the hip is flexed and extended. This may be accompanied by a snapping or popping noise and pain or discomfort. Pain often decreases with rest and diminished activity. Snapping hip syndrome is commonly classified by the ...
The superior cluneal nerves are pure sensory nerves that innervate the skin of the upper part of the buttocks. They are the terminal ends of the L1-L3 spinal nerve dorsal rami lateral branches. They are one of three different types of cluneal nerves (the middle and inferior cluneal nerves being the other two).